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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the appendages on the bacteria that are involved with locomotion (motility)?
What are it's three parts? |
Flagella
basal body, hook and a filament |
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G+ flagella have BLANK rings while G- have BLANK rings
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2
4 |
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What is the speed of bacteria with flagella?
What is the protein that composes flagella? |
10 to 100 cell lengths per second speed (very fast)
flagelin |
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Bacteria that possess one flagellum are BLANK, more than one are BLANK.
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monotrichous
multitrichous |
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Positioning of flagella
1. Single flagellum at one or both ends of the cell. 2. Tuft of flagella 3. Flagella throughout the cell surface. |
1. Polar flagellated
2. Lophotrichous 3. Peritrichous |
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What is chemotaxis?
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The movement of some bacteria toward or away from chemical substances.
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How do bacteria move?
What type of movement is seen if there is no chemical gradient? |
By responding to chemicals. They methylate or demethylate MCPs.
Random movement. |
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What type of movement does DEmethylation of MCPs result in?
What triggers it? |
Clockwise aka tumbling
Constant or decreased attractants |
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What type of movement does methylation of MCPs result in?
What triggers it? |
Counterclockwise aka running
Increased attractants |
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BLANK, nuclear region of the bacterial cell, contains the BLANK BLANK. Bacteria lack a BLANK BLANK. DNA is double stranded and a BLANK BLANK, associated with the plasma membrane, MW BLANK daltons, BLANK times the length of the E.coli cell.
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Nucleoid
bacterial chromosome nuclear membrane closed circle 2.5 x 10^9 550 |
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Plasmids are located in BLANK DNA.
They encode BLANK BLANK |
extrachromasomal
antibiotic resistance |
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Plasmids are BLANK BLANK fragments of DNA that are BLANK BLANK.
Plasmids are also encoded with BLANK BLANK (ex: degrading oil), and BLANK BLANK (toxins) |
double stranded
closed circles hydrocarbon degradation virulence factors |
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How can plasmids be isolated?
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By using cesium chlorides gradients in centrifuges
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What are the sites of protein synthesis in the bacterial cell?
How many of these sites are observed in a rapidly growing cell? |
Ribosomes
30,000 |
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What are the two subunits of a prokaryotic ribosome? What about combined?
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30s and 50s. Combined is 70s.
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Ribosomes are BLANK protein and BLANK ribosomal RNA.
The 30s subunit is comprised of BLANK proteins and BLANK rRNA The 50s subunit is comprised of BLANK proteins, BLANK rRNA, and a BLANK rRNA. |
40% and 60%
21 and 16s 34, 23s, 5s |
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What is the purpose of gas vacuoles in photosynthetic bacteria?
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Provides buoyancy in water so bacteria can maintain optimal depth for light intensity and oxygen concentration.
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Some bacteria can draw upon reserve materials(ie lipids, polysaccharides, etc.) called...
Name an example |
Inclusion bodies
Cornyebacterium store polymetaphosphate |
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BLANK store poly hydroxybutyrate as a future source of C and E
This is an example of an... |
Pseudomonas
Inclusion body |
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BLANK are bacterial microcompartments
They are intracellular and store BLANK BLANK. Name an example. |
Carboxysomes
volatile metabolites acetaldehyde |
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What is formed in response to environmental stress by bacterial cells? Name two specific species who do this.
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Spores (endospores)
Ex: Bacillus and Clostridium. |
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Why are spores highly refractile, resistant to heat, and drying?
Spores of made up of 15% of BLANK and 15% of water. |
Because of calcium dipicolinate.
calcium dipicolinate. |
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List the 5 stages of sporogenesis (take a deep breath and relax)
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Stage 1: vegetative cell replicates its DNA.
Stage 2: invagination of cell membrane, spore septum forms, DNA is in 2 separate compartments. Stage 3: forespore develops in one compartment. Stage 4: forespore engulfed, cortex is formed, spore cell wall formed. Calcium dipicolinate is synthesized. Stage 5: formation of the spore coat, proteinaceous, rich in cysteine. |
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In eukaryotic cells, cells walls are found in BLANK, BLANK, and BLANK to maintain cell BLANK and BLANK, and protect against BLANK stress.
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algae, plants and fungi
shape and rigidity osmotic |
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T or F: Cellulose or chitin usually present in eukaryotic cell walls
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TRUE DUH
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What is the main difference in cell membrane composition between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
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Eukaryotes have sterols which provide strength
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What are the ribosomal subunits of EUKARYOTIC cells? What about combined?
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40s and 60s, combined 80s
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Where is genetic material of an eukaryotic cell located?
What forms chromosomes? |
Nucleus
DNA associated with protein molecules, histones, and nonhistones |
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In eukaryotic cells:
BLANK, inside the nucleus, site of rRNA synthesis |
Nucleolus
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In eukaryotic cells:
What is the network of membranes associated with ribosomes and site for protein synthesis? What is the site of cellular respiration and ATP synthesis? |
Endoplasmic reticulum
Mitochondria |
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In eukaryotic cells:
What is site of photosynthesis in algae and plants? What is filled with fluids seen usually in plant cells? |
Chloroplast
Vacoules |
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In eukaryotic cells:
What in animal cells contain hydrolytic enzymes that arise from the Golgi Complex? |
Lysosomes
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How do eukaryotic cells move?
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Through flagella or cilia, or through cytoplasmic streaming.
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In eukaryotic cells, what does the flagellum consist of and how does it move?
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Consists of 9 pairs of microtubules
motion is driven by ATP hydrolysis microtubules slide against each other |
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What are two diseases caused by yeast?
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candida albicans and yeast infections
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Yeast bud into new portions,but NEVER from the same place twice. Why?
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Because of bud scarring
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What are some forms of asexual reproduction? What about sexual reproduction?
What form of asexual reproduction is seen in eukaryotic cells? |
Asexual: binary fission, fragmentation, and budding
Sexual: meiosis Budding |
