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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Anoxygenic Phototrophic bacteria have BLANK instead of chlorophylls, do not produce BLANK from photosynthesis, and possess only one BLANK.
In general these bacteria are found in BLANK aquatic environments. What are the 2 common gram negative examples? Describe each and their subunits |
bacteriochlorophylls; oxygen; photosystem
anaerobic Green and Purple 1. Green S bacteria, and multicellular, filamentous green bacteria. 2. Purple S bacteria, and Purple non S bacteria. |
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Cyanobacteria are BLANK Photosynthetic Bacteria
They resemble bacteria, have saclike BLANK, similar light gathering as the eukaryotic plants and algae. Large heterogeneous group of microbes, BLANK# genera, BLANK# species. What genus is known for the red color blooms in the Red Sea? |
Oxygenic
thylakoids; 150; 1500 Oscillatoria |
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The cyanobacteria are sometimes called BLANK bacteria.
The different colors are the result of... Many are able to fix... There are BLANK# families part of this group. |
blue-green
different photosynthetic pigments. nitrogen into ammonia. Five |
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Besides cyanobacteria, what are other anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria?
They contain chlorophyll BLANK in addition to chlorophyll BLANK. They do not have BLANK, thus appear BLANK and not blue green. They have thylakoids with BLANK BLANK and not single as with the cyanobacteria. They are referred to as BLANK. |
Prochlorophyta
b; a phycobilins; green double membranes picoplankton |
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Aerobic Chemolithotrophic Bacteria and Associates utilize what?
What are the 5 groups? |
inorganic compounds as an energy source
1. nitrifiers 2. colorless S bacteria 3. obligate hydrogen oxidizers 4. iron and Mn oxidizers and or depositors 5. magnetic bacteria |
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Nitrifiers aerobically oxidize... (2 things)
What do nitrosfying bacteria oxidize? Name some specific genera. What do nitrifying bacteria oxidize? Name some specific genera. |
ammonia to nitrite and nitrite to nitrate
Nitrosfying: Ammonia to nitrite Ex: Nitrosomonas, Nitrosospira, Nitrosococcus, Nitrosolobus. Nitrifying: nitrite oxidized into nitrate Ex: Nitrobacter, Nitrospina, Nitrococcus |
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Microbes that oxidize reduced sulfur are found where?
What do they specifically oxidize? Name an example |
Usually found in acid environments with low pH.
They oxidize reduced sulfur to sulfate. Ex: Thiobacillus ferrooxidans |
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Name an example of a hydrogen oxidizer bacteria and what it does.
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Hydrogenobacter uses H2 as a electron donor and O2 as an electron acceptor to produce H2O.
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Siderocapsa and Siderococcus are examples of bacteria that...
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oxidize metals or make metal deposits
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What type of bacteria demonstrate directed movement in a magnetic field?
Name an example. These bacteria synthesize intracellular BLANK of BLANK arranged as chains inside the cell. |
Magnetotactic bacteria
Ex: Aquaspirillum crystals; magnetite (Fe3O4); |
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Budding and or Appendaged Bacteria reproduce by...
The buds and appendages of these bacteria are usually direct BLANK BLANK of the cell called BLANK. What is an example of a budding bacterium? Which bacterium attaches to a solid surface, elongates and separates, and develops a flagellum? What does it do in the soil? The flagellum is replaced by a stalk which... |
budding or production of appendages
cytoplasmic extrusions; prosthecae Hyphomicrobium Caulobacter; recycles things in the soil anchors it to a solid surface |
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Describe the structure of sheathed bacteria.
Where do they live and how do they reproduce? Name a specific example and why it's bad for wastewater. |
Gram negative bacteria arranged as chains within filaments surrounded by outer sheaths.
Live in sewage and reproduce by binary fission with the release of daughter cells called swarmer cells Sphaerotilus can be bad for wastewater treatment because there is no precipitate. |
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Nonphotosynthetic, Nonfruiting Gliding Bacteria have no flagella BUT...
Describe two examples |
gliding motility
Cytophaga are nonfruiting gliding bacteria that digest cellulose, chitin, and agar. It is sometimes a fish pathogen. Beggiatoa are gliding bacteria with long filaments and live in sulfur springs. |
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Myxobacteria are part of BLANK order and are BLANK BLANK bacteria.
Where are they located? What do they form on trees? |
Myxobacterales; fruiting gliding bacteria
They are soil organisms with high numbers in rich organic matter. They form colorful fruiting bodies seen on tree barks. |
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Archaea have different BLANK structure and BLANK polymerase from prokaryotes.
They also lack BLANK in their cell wall. What are the 5 groups of Archaea? (CTHMS) |
rRNA; RNA
Peptidoglycan 1. methanogenic 2. sulfate reducers 3. extreme halophiles 4. cell wall less 5. extreme thermophilic elemental S metabolizers |
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Describe the structure of Actinomycetes listed in 4th volume of Bergey's Manual.
10cm of soil contains BLANK# actinomycetes Some of these produce BLANK. |
They Gram positive rod shaped bacteria or form branching filaments that develop into mycelium.
10^26 antibiotics |
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Describe the structure, diseases, and anything else of following Actinomycetes:
1. Nocardia 2. Dermatophilus 3. Frankia 4. Actinoplanes |
1. Nocardia are widely distributed in water and soil.
--Cell wall has large amounts of lipids so it stains acid fast. --Causes nocardiosis, a pulmonary disease in humans 2. Dermatophilus causes skin infections in hooves of cattle and sheep. --Human infections are rare. 3. Frankia are nitrogen fixing symbionts on the Australian Pine. 4. Actinoplanes form extensive mycelia and are abundant in soils with neutral pH. |
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Streptomyces is large group of BLANK containing over 300 species.
What antibiotics does this bacteria produce? It has extracellular enzymes that degrade BLANK and BLANK. What metabolites of streptomyces produce the odor of soil? |
Actinomycetes
streptomycin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, and erythromycin Cellulose and chitin “geosmins” |
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Describe some details of Streptomycin and erythormycin:
They have amino-modifed sugars so they called BLANK. Pathways to produce these antibiotics are million years old Sm pathway is found in BLANK% of all soil actinomycetes, Er found in BLANK%, and Tc is found in BLANK%. Companies will screen BLANK actinomycetes a year to find new antibiotics |
aminocylcosides/aminoglycosides
500 million 1%, 0.0000002%, and 0.1% 10^7 |
