Microbiology Lecture 2

Front 1

the mains aerobic bacterial types that affect humans are...

Back 1

either gram positive cocci, or gram negative bacilli (rods)

Front 2

Listeria monocytogenes

Back 2

Gram positive bacilli
facultative anaerobe
opportunistic pathogen
usually shows as bacteremia or meningitis

Front 3

Bacillus and the 2 main types

Back 3

Gram positve bacilli
facultative anaerobe
a spore former
Bacillus antracis (anthrax)- causes cutaneus and inhalation

Bacillus cereus- causes food poisioning results in vomitin and diarrhea

Front 4

Staphylococcus aureus

Back 4

Gram positive cocci facultative anaerobe
catalase and coagulase positive
most virulent member of staphlococcus
shows as cutaneus infections, most common agent of post-surgical infections, pneumonia(generally nosocomial), IV line infection, bacteremia, and food poisioning.
Produces lots of different toxins and enzymes

Front 5

staphylococcus resistance and drugs

Back 5

almost all Staphlococcus aureus produce beta lactamase so are resistant to penicilin. treat with beta lactamase stabledrugs called beta lactams- ex nafcilin, methicilin,
cephalosporins.

40% S aureus are resistant to beta lactams. drug of choice to treat these are Vancomycin.

Front 6

how do you treat Staphlococcus aureus that are resistant to beta lactams and to vancomysin

Back 6

synercid or linezolid

Front 7

Staphlococcus epidermis

Back 7

Most common catalase positive coagulase negative Staphlococci. Gram positive cocci Facultative anaerobe
very low virulence, is part of nomal flora and so often found in blood as needle goes in, usually a contaminant.

Front 8

basics of streptococcus and enterococcus and how to separate

Back 8

gram positive coagulase negative cocci. separate them based on hemolysis

Front 9

All other Staphlococcus

Back 9

low virulence, opportunistic infections
shows as bacteremia associated with IV lines, meningitis(but not as bad as other forms), slow progressive infections of prostetic joints, prostetic valve endocarditis. Therapy similar Staph aureus

Front 10

Staphlococcus saprophyticus

Back 10

gram positive cocci, catalase positive, coagulase negative
causes UTI in in sexually active females.

Front 11

Streptococcus pyogenes

Back 11

Gram positive coagulase negative beta hemolysis. Part of GAS Group A strep.
Causes strep throat (streptococcal pharygitis), skin and soft tissue infections, toxic shock syndrome, and "flesh eating" bacteria

Front 12

Beta hemolytic streptococci treatment

Back 12

virtually all beta hemolytic streptococci are suceptible to penicilin and cephalosporin

Front 13

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Back 13

Gram positive coagulase negative alpha hemolysis Optochin P disc sensitive.
Most common ID'd agent of community acquired pneumonia. causes meningitis too

Front 14

Treating Streptococcal pneumoniae

Back 14

increasingly resistant to penicillin and some are resistant to cephalosporin and ceftriaxone.
vancomyosine and levofloxacin for respiratory infection, meningitis treatment more complicated because of BBB

Front 15

Streptococcus agalactiae

Back 15

Gram positive coagulase negative beta hemolysis. Part of GBS (group B strep). Causes neonatal sepsis and meningitis

Front 16

viridans streptococci

Back 16

Gram positive coagulase negative alpha or gamma hemolysis Optochin P disc resistant.
rare pathogen. heterogeous group of organisms many are normal inhabitants of oral cavity. can cause dental caries (cavities)

Front 17

Enterococcus and the 2 main types and their drugs

Back 17

Gram positive coagulase negative alpha or beta hemolysis Optochin P disc resistant. normal flora in GI tract. it is an opportunistic pathogen causing UTI, skin and soft tissue infections, and bacterimia
Enterococcus faecalis- suceptible to ampicilin and vancomyosin
Enterococcus faecium- usually not suceptible to ampicilin with potential for vancomyosin resistance so treate with linezolic or synercid