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58 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Zach Jansen
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1st microscope
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Robert Hooke
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"Man who knew everything". Improved microscope. Published Micrographia. Denounced by king. Used cork and fleas during experiments. Empty boxes=cells
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Antwon van Leeuwenhoek
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"Animalcules" Teeth=gutter water.
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John Needham
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Spontaneous gen. Straw and soil broth. Broth + Sealing + Days= Life
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Lazzaro Spallanzani
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Disproved Needham's theory b/c of forced air. Heated broth.
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Rudolph Virchow
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Cells begat cells. Set stage for life from life.
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Louis Pasteur
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Confirmed Spallazani. Aeseptic technique.
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John Tyndall
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Heat kills microbes. Tyndalization:Repeated heating.
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Joe Lister
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Handwashing, sterilization in O.R area. Ignaz Semmelweis
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Robert Koch
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Koch's postulates: same pathogen>isolate pathogen>meet healthy host>isolate new host>causitive agent?
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Ed Jenner
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Vaccination. Basis of virulence theory. Small Pox/Cow Pox
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Paul Ehrlich
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Cure for syphillis. Salvarsan
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Alexander Flemming
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Antimicrobial agents. Noticed effects of penicilin on mold. "scale up"
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Francisco Redi
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Spontaneous generation. Rotting meat experiment.
sealed=no maggots unsealed=maggots |
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abiogenesis
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living from non-living
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spontaneous generation
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abiogenesis synonym
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biogenesis
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living from living
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resolution
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the ability of the lenses to distinguish 2 points
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refractive index
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light bending ability of a medium.
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instruments of microscopy
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brightfield illumination, darkfield illumination, phase contrast, fluorescence microscopy,electron microscopy,transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy
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brightfield illumination
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dark objects are visible against bright background
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darkfield illumination
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light objects are visible against a dark background
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phase contrast
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accentuates diffracted light from a specimen
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fluorescence microscopy
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uv light;cells may be stained w/ fluorescent dyes
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electron microscopy
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electrons replace light. shorter wavelegnths give greater resolution
*important w/ viruses |
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transmission electron microscopy
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details of cell insides
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scanning electron microscopy
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3D picture inside cell
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types of stains
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simple, differential and special
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simple stains
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uses a single, basic dye
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differential stains
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colors different types of cells distinctively. distinguishes bacterial types
.i.e., gram & acid fast stains |
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special stains
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specifies cell structures
Endospores & Flagella |
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prokaryotic cells
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non-human, "pre-nucleus"
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eukaryotic cells
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human. have histones, paired chromosomes, organelles,mitotic spindle,polysaccharide
"true nucleus" |
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cell shapes
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cocci,spirochete, bacilli, vibrio,
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cocci
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round
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spirochete
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corkscrews
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vibrios
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commas
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unusual cell shapes
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stars, squares
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pleomorphic
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varying shapes
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monomorphic
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having only one form
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cell arrangements
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diplo, staph, strepto, tetrad
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diplo
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pairs
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staph
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clusters
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strepto
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chains
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two types of genes
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inducable and repressable
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repressable genes
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are always off until need to be turned on
ex: turkey;triptifan digestion |
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inducable genes
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are alway on until need to be turned off
ex: eating ice cream ;lactose digestion |
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cilia
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is for attachment
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plasma membrane
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lipid bi-layer, gives structure ad allows entrance to cell
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Svedberg units
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unit "S" means Svedberg units, a measure of the rate of sedimentation of a particle in a centrifuge
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Okazaki fragment
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a relatively short fragment of DNA
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Poly(A) tails
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A string of adenine nucleotides added to the 3' end of eukaryotic mRNA after transcription.
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mRNA
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one gene, one msg
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monosystronic
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one msg
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polysystronic
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many msgs
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introns
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dead space
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exons
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edited pieces in final RNA
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codon
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A sequence of three nucleotides on a strand of m-RNA that codes for an amino acid
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