Microbiology Lab Practical 2 - Unknowns And Bacterial Transformation

Front 1

Explain what Fluid Thiglycollate Medium is used for.

Back 1

Determine oxygen requirements.

Front 2

Name the biochemical test administered to determine oxygen requirements.

Back 2

Fluid Thioglycollate Medium

Front 3

Name the constituents in Fluid Thiglycollate Medium.

Back 3

Glucose, Cystine and Sodium Thioglycollate

Front 4

The constituents of this media are Glucose, Cystine and Sodium Thioglycollate

Back 4

Fluid Thioglycollate Medium

Front 5

Name the dye that causes media to turn pink in the presence of oxygen.

Back 5

Resazurin

Front 6

At which end of the Fluid Thioglycollate Medium (tube) is oxygen tension the highest?

Back 6

At surface (allowing aerobes to grow)

Front 7

Growth at the top of the Fluid Thioglycollate Medium indicates what type of aerobe?

Back 7

Regular Aerobe

Front 8

Growth throughout the Fluid Thioglycollate Medium indicates what type of aerobe?

Back 8

Facultative Aerobe

Front 9

Growth at the bottom of the Fluid Thioglycollate Medium indicates what type of aerobe?

Back 9

Anaerobe

Front 10

Explain what Nutrient Gelatin (NG) is used for.

Back 10

Determines organism's ability to produce the enzyme gelatinase, which liquifies gelatin.

Front 11

Name the biochemical test administered to determine an organism's ability to produce the enzyme gelatinase, which liquifies gelatin.

Back 11

Gelatin Liquefaction Test (NG)

Front 12

Name the enzyme that breaks down large proteins into smaller components, which can then enter organism and be metabolized.

Back 12

Gelatinase

Front 13

Gelatinase breaks down large proteins into smaller components for what reason?

Back 13

So components can enter organism and be metabolized.

Front 14

Name the products used when producing polypeptides during Gelatin Liquefaction Test.

Back 14

Protein + Water + Gelatinase

Front 15

Name the End product when Protein + Water + Gelatinase combine.

Back 15

Polypeptides during Gelatin Liquefaction Test.

Front 16

Name the products used when producing amino acids during Gelatin Liquefaction Test.

Back 16

Polypeptides + Water + Gelatinase

Front 17

Name the end product when Polypeptides + Water + Gelatinase combine.

Back 17

Amino acids during Gelatin Liquefaction Test.

Front 18

Name the biochemical test that administers stabbing a gelatin with organism, normal incubation and ice water bath.

Back 18

Gelatin Liquefaction Test

Front 19

In Gelatin Liquefaction Test, the gelatin is liquified. Is this a positive or negative result?

Back 19

Positive

Front 20

Name the biochemical test administered to determine specific fermentation of a sugar with our without gas production.

Back 20

Sugar (Carb) Fermentation

Front 21

During sugar fermentation, name what is used as an indicator in the media.

Back 21

Phenol Red

Front 22

What color is the media (in tube) at neutral pH during sugar fermentation?

Back 22

Red

Front 23

What color is the media (in tube) at a pH less than 7 (acid) during sugar fermentation?

Back 23

Yellow

Front 24

Explain what causes the media (in tube) to change from red to yellow during sugar fermentation.

Back 24

Fermentation of sugar produces acid

Front 25

Explain what Durham Tube is used for in sugar fermentation.

Back 25

Captures gas the organism produces

Front 26

How can we see gas production from an organism during sugar fermentation?

Back 26

With Durham Tube

Front 27

Media (in tube) changes from red to yellow during sugar fermentation. Is this a positive or negative result?

Back 27

Positive

Front 28

Media (in tube) changes from red to yellow during sugar fermentation. What has happened?

Back 28

Fermentation occured

Front 29

Media (in tube) remains red during sugar fermentation. Is this a positive or negative result? Why?

Back 29

Negative. No fermentation occured.

Front 30

Name the biochemical test administered to determine an organism's ability to produce mixed acid end products from glucose fermentation.

Back 30

Methyl Red Test

Front 31

Do large amounts of various acids lower or increase pH?

Back 31

Lower pH

Front 32

In the Methyl Red Test, name the enzyme that contributes to the production of great amounts of gas.

Back 32

Formic Hydrogen Lyase

Front 33

Explain what the enzyme Formic Hydrogen Lyase does.

Back 33

Produces gas

Front 34

Name the products used when producing CO2 + H2 during Mixed Acid Fermentation (Methyl Red).

Back 34

Formic Acid + Formic Hydrogen Lyase

Front 35

Name the end products when Formic Acid + Formic Hydrogen Lyase combine.

Back 35

CO2 + H2

Front 36

During Methyl Red Test, methyl red reagent is added to tube developing a RED color. Is this a positive or negative result?

Back 36

Positive

Front 37

During Methyl Red Test, methyl red reagent is added to tube developing a YELLOW color. Is this a positive or negative result?

Back 37

Negative

Front 38

Name the biochemical test administered to determine an organism's ability to produce acetoin (acetylmethyl carbinol), 2,3 Butanediol and ethanol.

Back 38

Voges-Proskauer Test (Butanediol Fermentation)

Front 39

Name the products that produce less acid than Mixed Acid Fermenters (MR).

Back 39

2,3 Butanediol Fermenters

Front 40

What does Voges-Proskauer Test detect the presence of?

Back 40

Acetoin, precursor to 2,3 Butanediol

Front 41

Name the solutions added to MR-VP tube during Voges-Proskauer Test.

Back 41

Barritt's Solution A (Alphanapthol) and Barritt's Solution B (KOH)

Front 42

During Voges-Prokauer Test, tube develops a WINE RED color. Is this a positive or negative result?

Back 42

Positive

Front 43

During Voges-Prokauer Test, tube develops a BROWN color. Is this a positive or negative result?

Back 43

Negative

Front 44

During Voges-Prokauer Test, which Barritt's reagent reacts with Acetoin when oxygen is present indicating 2,3 Butanediol is present?

Back 44

Barritt's Solution B (KOH)

Front 45

Name the biochemical test administered to test for presence of the enzyme, Catalase.

Back 45

Catalase Test (Tryptic Soy Agar)

Front 46

What is formed as an end product of the aerobic breakdown of sugars?

Back 46

Hydrogen Peroxide

Front 47

Name the products used when producing water and oxygen (end products) during Catalase Test.

Back 47

2H202 + Catalase

Front 48

Name the end product when 2H202 + Catalase combine.

Back 48

2H2O + O2

Front 49

Name the enzyme that coverts hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen.

Back 49

Catalase

Front 50

Name the media used in Catalase Test.

Back 50

Tryptic Soy Agar Slant

Front 51

In Catalase Test, drops of hydrogen peroxide are added to Tryptic Soy Agar Slant, resulting in bubbling. Is this a positive or negative result?

Back 51

Positive

Front 52

In Catalase Test, drops of hydrogen peroxide are added to Tryptic Soy Agar Slant and no bubbling occurs. Is this a positive or negative result?

Back 52

Negative

Front 53

Name the gas that is liberated from Hydrogen Peroxide.

Back 53

Oxygen

Front 54

Name the biochemical test administered to determine the presence of oxidase enzymes.

Back 54

Oxidase Test (Tryptic Soy Agar Slant)

Front 55

Name the enzyme that can oxidize aromatic amines to form colored products.

Back 55

Oxidase

Front 56

Name the aromatic amine used to test for oxidase.

Back 56

Dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine hydrochloride

Front 57

What will the aromatic amine Dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine hydrochloride do in the presence of oxidase?

Back 57

Turn dark blue/black color

Front 58

Name the reagent used in the Oxidase Test.

Back 58

Oxidase Test Reagant

Front 59

In Oxidase Test, the inoculated cotton swab turns purple. Is this a positive or negative result?

Back 59

Positive

Front 60

In Oxidase Test, the inoculated cotton swab has no color change. Is this a positive or negative result?

Back 60

Negative

Front 61

Name the biochemical test administered to determine an organism's ability to reduce nitrate to nitrate or nitrogen gas by production of the enzyme Nitratase.

Back 61

Nitrate Reductase Test (Nitrate Broth)

Front 62

The reduction of nitrate to nitrite or nitrogen gas takes place under what kind of aerobic conditions?

Back 62

Anaerobic conditions

Front 63

Under anaerobic conditions, an organism derives its oxygen from where?

Back 63

Nitrate

Front 64

In the Nitrate Reductase Test, name the Reagants used after the media is boiled and cooled, inoculated and incubated.

Back 64

Nitrate Reagent A and Nitrate Reagent B

Front 65

Give another name for Nitrate Reagent A.

Back 65

Sulfanilic Acid

Front 66

Sulfanilic Acid is another term for which Reagent?

Back 66

Nitrate Reagent A

Front 67

Give another name for Nitrate Reagent B.

Back 67

Dimethyl Alpha Napthalamine

Front 68

Dimethyl Alpha Napthalamine is another term for which Reagent?

Back 68

Nitrate Reagent B

Front 69

In Nitrate Reductase Test, the nitrate broth turns a red color. Is this a positive or negative result?

Back 69

Positive

Front 70

In Nitrate Reductase Test, the nitrate broth turns a red color and is positive. Describe what occured.

Back 70

Nitrate reduced to Nitrate

Front 71

In Nitrate Reductase Test, the nitrate broth has no color change. Is this a positive or negative result?

Back 71

Negative

Front 72

In a negative Nitrate Test, a confirmation test is conducted by adding a small pinch of what?

Back 72

Zinc powder

Front 73

In a negative Nitrate Test, a confirmation test is conducted by adding Zinc Powder and no color change occured. Is this a positive of negative result?

Back 73

Positive

Front 74

In a negative Nitrate Test, a confirmation test is conducted by adding Zinc Powder and no color change occured. Explain what occured.

Back 74

Organism reduced nitrate completely to ammonia and nitrogen gas.

Front 75

In a negative Nitrate Test, a confirmation test is conducted by adding Zinc Powder and broth turned red color. Is this a positive of negative result?

Back 75

Negative

Front 76

In a negative Nitrate Test, a confirmation test is conducted by adding Zinc Powder and broth turned red color. Explain what occured.

Back 76

Nitrate was reduced by zinc and NOT THE ORGANISM

Front 77

Name the biochemical test administered to determine an organism's ability to hydrolyze (break down) starch.

Back 77

Starch Hydrolysis

Front 78

Name the media used to conduct the Starch Hydrolysis Test.

Back 78

Starch Agar Plate

Front 79

Name the enzyme that breaks starch down.

Back 79

Amylase

Front 80

Explain the purpose for starch hydrolysis (break down starch to smaller components).

Back 80

So organism can easily metabolize.

Front 81

Name the components involved in Starch Hydrolysis.

Back 81

Starch + Amylase

Front 82

Starch + Amylase

Back 82

Components involved in Starch Hydrolysis

Front 83

Name the end products of Starch Hydrolysis.

Back 83

Maltose + Glucose + Dextrin

Front 84

Maltose + Glucose + Dextrin

Back 84

End products of Starch Hydrolysis

Front 85

Name the indicator for starch.

Back 85

IKI (Gram's Iodine)

Front 86

After IKI drops are applied to inoculated plate, a zone of clearing appears adjacent to the streak line. Is this a positive or negative result?

Back 86

Positive

Front 87

After IKI drops are applied to inoculated plate, there is no clearing and a blue/black area surrounds the streak line. Is this a positive or negative result?

Back 87

Negative

Front 88

Name the biochemical test administered to determine an organism's ability to produce the enzyme caseinase.

Back 88

Casein Hydrolysis

Front 89

Name the media used to conduct the Caseine Hydrolysis Test.

Back 89

Skim Milk Agar

Front 90

Name the enzyme that breaks casein down.

Back 90

Caseinase

Front 91

What is Casein?

Back 91

A white protein in milk

Front 92

Name the white protein in milk.

Back 92

Casein

Front 93

Explain the purpose for casein hydrolysis.

Back 93

Break casein to more soluble products.

Front 94

After inoculation and incubation of Skim Milk Agar Plate, a zone of clearing appears along the streak line. Is this a positive or negative result?

Back 94

Positive

Front 95

After inoculation and incubation of Skim Milk Agar Plate, there is no zone of clearing. Is this a positive or negative result?

Back 95

Negative

Front 96

Name the biochemical test administered to determine an organism's ability to split indole from Tryptophan (amino acid) using the enzyme Tryptophanase.

Back 96

Tryptophan Hydrolysis

Front 97

The Tryptophan Test is also known as _______.

Back 97

The Indole Test

Front 98

Name the media used to conduct the TryptophanTest.

Back 98

Tryptone Broth

Front 99

Name the enzyme that breaks Tryptophan down.

Back 99

Tryptophanase

Front 100

Explain the purpose for Tryptophan hydrolysis.

Back 100

Split indole from Tryptophan

Front 101

Name the components involved in Tryptophan Hydrolysis.

Back 101

Tryptophan + Tryptophanase

Front 102

Tryptophan + Tryptophanase

Back 102

The components involved in Tryptophan Hydrolysis.

Front 103

Name the end products of Tryptophan Hydrolysis.

Back 103

Indole + Pyruvic Acid

Front 104

Indole + Pyruvic Acid

Back 104

End products of Tryptophan Hydrolysis

Front 105

Name the reagent use in the Tryptophan Hydrolysis Test.

Back 105

Kovacs Reagent

Front 106

After Kovac's Reagent drops are applied to inoculated tryptone broth, a red layer forms on surface of media. Is this a positive or negative result?

Back 106

Positive

Front 107

After Kovac's Reagent drops are applied to inoculated tryptone broth, a yellow layer forms on surface of media. Is this a positive or negative result?

Back 107

Negative

Front 108

After Kovac's Reagent drops are applied to inoculated tryptone broth, a red layer forms on surface of media in the presence of what end product?

Back 108

Indole

Front 109

Name the biochemical test administered to determine an organism's ability to split urea to form ammonia.

Back 109

Urease Test

Front 110

Name the media used to conduct the Urease Test.

Back 110

Urea Broth

Front 111

Name the enzyme that breaks Urea down.

Back 111

Urease

Front 112

Name the other constituent in Urea Broth.

Back 112

Phenol Red (pH indicator)

Front 113

Urea + Urease

Back 113

Components involved in Urease Test

Front 114

Name the components involved in Urease Test.

Back 114

Urea + Urease

Front 115

Name the end products of Urea Test.

Back 115

2NH3 (ammonia) + CO2

Front 116

2NH3 (ammonia) + CO2

Back 116

End products of Urea Test

Front 117

In Urea Test, what happens to pH as ammonia is released?

Back 117

pH increases over 8.1

Front 118

After inoculation & incubation of urea broth, the media turns an intense pink color. Is this a positive or negative result?

Back 118

Positive

Front 119

After inoculation & incubation of urea broth, the media does not change color. Is this a positive or negative result?

Back 119

Negative

Front 120

Name the biochemical test administered to determine an organism's ability to produce H2S.

Back 120

Hydrogen Sulfide Production

Front 121

Name the media used to conduct the Hydrogen Sulfide Production Test.

Back 121

Triple Sugar Iron Agar (TSI Slant)

Front 122

Name the enzyme that removes sulfur side chain from Cystein to produce H2S and forming black precipitate.

Back 122

Cystein Desulfurase

Front 123

Cystein + H20 + Cysteine desulfurase

Back 123

The components involved in Hydrogen Sulfide Production.

Front 124

Name the components involved in Hydrogen Sulfide Production.

Back 124

Cystein + H20 + Cysteine desulfurase

Front 125

Pyruvic Acid + H2S + NH3

Back 125

The end products in Hydrogen Sulfide Production.

Front 126

Name the end products involved in Hydrogen Sulfide Production.

Back 126

Pyruvic Acid + H2S + NH3

Front 127

Name the constituents in TSI slant.

Back 127

Glucose, Lactose, Sucruose and Phenol Red (pH Indicator)

Front 128

Describe the characteristics that indicate gas production in TSI Slant.

Back 128

Gaps, cracks or bubbles in Agar

Front 129

After stab inoculation & incubation, a black precipitate appears. Is this a positive or negative result?

Back 129

Positive

Front 130

The black precipitate is a positive test for what?

Back 130

Cystein Desulfurase

Front 131

Name the biochemical test administered to determine if an organism is capable of using citrate as the sole source of carbon with production of enzyme citratase.

Back 131

Simmons Citrate Test

Front 132

Name the media used to conduct the Simmons Citrate Test.

Back 132

Simmons Citrate Agar

Front 133

Name the enzyme that breaks down citrate, oxaloacetate and pyruvate during Simmons Citrate Test.

Back 133

Citratase

Front 134

Name the constituents in Simmons Citrate media.

Back 134

Sodium Citrate, Ammonium Salts and Bromthymol Blue

Front 135

Name the pH Indicator in Simmons Citrate Test.

Back 135

Bromthymol Blue

Front 136

After stab/streak inoculation & incubation during Simmons Citrate Test, the media changes from green to prussian blue. Is this a positive or negative result?

Back 136

Positive

Front 137

After stab/streak inoculation & incubation during Simmons Citrate Test, the media changes remains green. Is this a positive or negative result?

Back 137

Negative

Front 138

Name the biochemical test administered to determine an organism's ability to deaminate Phenylalaline.

Back 138

Phenylalaline Deamination

Front 139

Name the media used to conduct the Phenylalaline Deaminiation Test.

Back 139

Phenylalaline Agar Slant

Front 140

Name the enzyme that breaks Phenylalaline down.

Back 140

Phenylalaline Deaminase

Front 141

Name the components involved in Phenylalaline Deamination Test.

Back 141

Phenylalaline + Phenylalaline Deaminase

Front 142

Name the end products in Phenylalaline Deamination Test.

Back 142

Phenylpyruvic Acid (PPA) + NH3 (Ammonia)

Front 143

Name the solution used in Phenylalaline Deamination Test.

Back 143

10% Ferric Chloride

Front 144

After 10% Ferric Chloride drops are applied to inoculated Phenylalaline Agar Slant, a deep green color appears. Is this a positive or negative result?

Back 144

Positive

Front 145

After 10% Ferric Chloride drops are applied to inoculated Phenylalaline Agar Slant, a yellow color develops. Is this a positive or negative result?

Back 145

Negative

Front 146

Name the biochemical test administered to determine an organism's ability to decarboxylate Lysine.

Back 146

Lysine Decarboxylase Test

Front 147

Name the media used to conduct the Lysine Decarboxylase Test.

Back 147

Lysine Decarboxylase Broth

Front 148

Name the enzyme that breaks down Lysine.

Back 148

Lysine Decarboxylase

Front 149

Name the components involved in Lysine Decarboxlase Test.

Back 149

Lysine + Lysine Decarboxylase

Front 150

Name the end products of Lysine Decarboxylase Test.

Back 150

Cadaverine

Front 151

Name the other constituents in Lysine Decarboxylase Broth.

Back 151

Lysine, Glucose and Brom Cresol Purple (pH Indicator)

Front 152

Name the pH Indicator used in the Lysine Decarboxylase Test.

Back 152

Brom Cresol Purple

Front 153

Does Lysine Decarboxylase require an acid pH or basic pH for activation?

Back 153

Acid pH

Front 154

After inoculation & incubation of Lysine Decarboxylase broth, the media remains a purple color. Is this a positive or negative result?

Back 154

Positive

Front 155

After inoculation & incubation of Lysine Decarboxylase broth, the media turns a yellow color. Is this a positive or negative result?

Back 155

Negative