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86 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Agar is made of.....
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Seaweed a kind of gelatin
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A way of handling microbes and materials in a way that minimizes contamination.
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Aseptic technique.
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uniform cloudiness
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Turbidity
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flecks of bacteria scattered throughout the tube
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Floculent
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Growth settled to the bottom
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Sediment
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film of bacteria covering the surface.
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pellicle
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Ring, sediment, pellicle, floculent, turbidity, ring.
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Nutrient Broth Growth
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Undulate, Scalloped, Erose, Lobate, Filamentous
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Nutrient Agar
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Cyanobacteria belong to the kingdom .......
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Monera
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Cyanobacteria utilize
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photosynthesis
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Anabaena, Oscillatoria, Rivularia
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Types of Cyanobacteria
Or Phototrophs |
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Algae are unicellular to multicellur
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...
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Algae are Eukayotic
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...
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Diatoms have a very distictive but elegent
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Shells, called frustule
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synedra looks lke shards of....
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glass
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Spyrogyra, Chlamydomonas, Synedra.
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Algae
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Peridinium, Chara, Mixed Diatom
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Algae
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Syrogyra
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filamentous green algae
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Chlamydomonas
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singked celled green Alage
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Synedra
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Diatom
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Peridinium
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Dinoflagellates
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Chara
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Moss
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An amoeba is a ....
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Free living Protozoan that utilizes, amoeboid motion
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Paramecium is a kind of....
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Free living Protozoan
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Protozoans...
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Amoeba and Paramecium
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Saccharomyces (yeast)
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Fungi
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Molds of Fungi grow as filaments.
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..
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Filaments contain ________
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Hyphae
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Fungi grow under slightly acidic conditions
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....
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Ascomycetes or
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Sac fungi
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nigosin is used for ...
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Negative stain.
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Do NOT heat fix the Negative stain, or the capsule stain because...
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It will distort cell size and shape
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Capsules have sticky gycocalyx that is made of sugar and proteins.
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....
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Capsule stain is used to find outer coat of bacteria because it helps them stick to surfaces.
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posing them as more dangerous.
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Capsules attract water, they asist in water storage. keeping the bacteria...
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Hydrated
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Capsules enhance bacteriums ability to avoid phagocytosis and the body's ______ _______.
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Immune system
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Mycobacterium tuberculosis
and bacillus anthracis. |
have capsules
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Capsule stain rinse with cupric sulfate
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Primary stain Nigrosin
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Negative stain rinse with...
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NOTHING. Just smear across and air dry.
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Gram stain is the first step in the identification of an....
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isolated unknown oragnism
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Gram Stain =
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Differential Stain
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Gram + cell wall has very thick layer of __________.
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Peptidoglycan
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Gram - cell wall has little Peptidogylcan but contains the toxin ____________.
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Lipopolysaccharids
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Staphylcoccus Aureus is .....
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Gram +
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Pseudomonas is ....
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Gram -
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Air dry, Heat fix
Primary stain: Crystal Violet Rinse: Water Mordant: Iodine Decolorize: Acetone Alcohol counterstain: Safranin Rinse: with water |
Gram Stain
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The decolorizer acetone alcohol takes the color out of the Gram - bacteria, causing the mordant to stay within the Gram + bacteria. This also allows the Gram - to be stained with Safranin.
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gram Stain
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Mordant is used to intensify the stain.
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Iodine
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Iodine then -------acetone alcohol
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Gram stain
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Ziehl -Neelsen Method
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Acid-fast
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Differential staining method
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Acid-Fast staining
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Differentiats between acid fast and non-acid fast
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Pink - acid fast
Blue - Non acid fast |
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mycobacterium is acid fast with the waxy cell made of mycolic acid.
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Pathogenic bacteria
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heat fixed over boiling water
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Endospore and Acid fast staining
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Air dry, heat fix
place over boiling bath Primary Stain: Malachite green rinse w/ water Counter stain: Safranin |
Endospore Stain
Only rinse with water No mordant or acid |
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Vegetative spores- pink
Free spores- Green |
Endospore stain
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Green within pink
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Endospore
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Rinse with water only
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Endospore Stain
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Primary stain: Malachite green
rinse with water counter stain: Safranin |
Endospore stain
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Used was Week old and 24 hour Baccilus
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Endospore stain
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Heating with the boiing bath melts or increases the fluidity of the waxy mycolic acid cell wall allowing the penetration of the primary stain carbol Fuschin.
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Acid fast stain
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Cocci
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perfect sphere
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bacilli
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rod shaped
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Enriched and differential media, and selective
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Blood Agar
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Nutrients for fastidious bacteria
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Blood Agar
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Blood Agar is used to differentiate with bacteria that completely break down blood =
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Hemolysis
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Streptococcus and Staphylcoccus both make toxins called hemolysins that can break down red blood cells
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Blood Agar
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Alpha hemolysis
Steptococcus pneumoniae |
Partial hemolysis
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Beta hemolysis
complete hemolysis streptococcus pyogenes = |
Strep throat
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What hemolysis causes strep throat....?
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Streptococcus Pyogenes
Beta Hemolysis |
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Gamma hemolysis
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no change at all in the blood around the bacteria.
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Mannitol salt agar
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selective and differential
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The agar contains HIGH 7% NaCl that stops the growth of most bacteria ex. Ecoli. Permits Salt tolerant bacteria to grow.
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MSA
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MSA contains the sugar (mannitol) and pH indicator, phenol red, which allows for the differentiate between ?
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Pathogenic and Nonpathogenic Staphlycoccus.
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Disease causing Staph. can ferment sugar mannitol.
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MSA
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Mannitol fermenters release acid into the medium causing the the red to turn yellow.
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MSA
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Non-disease causing Staph can grow because of its salt tolerance but doesnt...
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produce acid that ferments the mannitol and turns the phenol red to yellow. but there is growth.
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Staph. Aureus =
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yellow Disease causing on MSA
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Staph. Epidermis =
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growth but no change in color
(non-disease causing staph.) |
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(EMB) Eosin Methylene Blue Agar
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Selective and differential
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For the use of coliform tests.......
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In water
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In EMB the 2 dyes together make the medium selective by stoping or inhibiting the growth of Gram + bacteria. but allowing the Gram - bacteria.
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EMB
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EMB medium containsthe sugar Lactose which allows for the differentiation between ....
That is useful for identyfying ENTERIC bacteria. |
HEAVY lactose fermenters
Lactose fermenters & Non-Lactose fermenters |
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The production of acid while forming lactose will trigger color change that will distinguish E.Coli from other Coliform bacteria (Gram - )
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EMB
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E.Coli=
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Prom dress green
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Kirby Bauer Method
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Widely used for testing antimicrobials
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