Microbiology Infections Of Respiratory Tract

Front 1

Strept Throat
(Strept pharyngitis)

Organism & Transmission

Back 1

Streptococcus pyogenes
Group A
Trans: Respiratory areosols and contaminated food

Front 2

Strept Throat
(Strept pharyngitis)

Symptoms & Characteristics
Treatment

Back 2

Sort Throat, if left untreated-Scarlet Fever, inner ear infection, acute glomerulonephritis
Treatment: Penicillin

Front 3

Scarlet Fever

Back 3

When S. pyogenes produces an erythrogenic (reddening) toxin, it results in scarlet fever. It has been lysed by a bacteriophage. Causes pink.red skin rash and high fever. Strawberry-like tongue, that peels like scalded skin syndrome.

Front 4

Diphtheria


Organism & Transmission

Back 4

Corynebacterium diphtheriae
Trans: Respiratory areosols and fomites

Front 5

Diphtheria


Symptoms

Back 5

Fever, Aches, Pains, general malaise, swelling of the neck
Produces an exotoxin capable of killing a 200lb man with .01mg by causing kidney and heart failure, and partial paralysis.

Front 6

Diphtheria


Characteristics

Back 6

Gram + Rod
Doesn't produce spores
Must distinguish between Strept
Diphtheria has both virulent and non-virulent strains.

Front 7

Sinusitis

Organism & Transmission

Back 7

Streptococcus pneumoniae
Haemophilus influenzae

spread from infected nasal mucosa, (colds, allergies etc.)

Front 8

Sinusitis

Symptoms

Back 8

Mucus build-up
Membranes swell
Pressure builds
can Be chronic

Front 9

Sinusitis


Characteristics

Back 9

Capsules
Alpha-hemolytic

Gram(-) - haemophilus influenza

Front 10

Sinusitis


Treatment

Back 10

Penicillin in severe cases

analgesics, nasal decongestants, steam inhalation

Front 11

Otitis Media
(Earache)

organisms

Back 11

Streptococcus pneumoniae G(+)
Haemophilus influenza G(-)
Streptococcus pyogenes G(+)
Staphylococcus aureus G(+)
Moraxella catarhalis G(-)-Coccobacillius (Strict aerobe)

Front 12

Otitis Media
(Earache)

transmission

Back 12

infected nasal and throat mucosa through eustachian tube.
contaminates water in pools, trauma, enlarged adenoids, injury to eardrum

Front 13

Otitis Media
(Earache)

Symptoms

Back 13

Inflammation of inner ear
Pain
Pressure
Partial loss or hearing
Can rupture ear drum.

Front 14

Pneumococcal Pneumonia
Typical Pneumonia

Organism & Transmission

Back 14

Streptococcus Pneumonia

Trans: Respiratory areosols

Front 15

Pneumococcal Pneumonia
Typical Pneumonia

Symptoms

Back 15

Fever, Labored Breathing, Chest Pain. bloody sputum, can get into pleural cavity, can cause menengitis.

Front 16

Pneumococcal Pneumonia
Typical Pneumonia

Characteristics

Back 16

90 serotypes
Culture -Blood, micro aerophilic conditions, alpha hemolysis.
Disks of Optichin or bile solubility tests.

Front 17

Haemophilus influenzae
Pneumonia

Organism & Transmission

Back 17

Haemophilus influenzae

Trans: Respiratory areosols

Front 18

Haemophilus influenzae
Pneumonia

Symptoms

Back 18

Fever, Labored Breathing, Chest Pain. bloody sputum, can get into pleural cavity, can cause menengitis.

Alcoholics, poor nutrition, cancer, and diabetes make a person more susceptible.

Front 19

Haemophilus influenzae
Pneumonia

Characteristics

Back 19

Gram (-) coccobacillus
sputum samples w/ gram stain
differentiates from streptococcal pneumonia

Front 20

Mycoplasmal Pneumonia
(primary atypical pneumonia)
(walking pneumonia)
20% of all types

Back 20

Mycoplasma Pneumoniae

Trans: Respiratory aerosols

Front 21

Mycoplasmal Pneumonia

Symptoms

Back 21

3+ weeks of milder symptoms
Fever, headache, and cough

Front 22

Mycoplasmal Pneumonia

Characteristics

Back 22

No Cell Wall
Medium must contain horse serum and yeast extract
Colonies look like fried eggs
PCR Test

Front 23

Whooping Cough
(Pertussis)

Organism and transmission

Back 23

Boretella

Trans: Respiratory aerosols

Front 24

Whooping Cough
(Pertussis)

Symptoms

Back 24

Episodes of violent coughing
convalescence stage could last months
Most often occurs in children
Extreme mucus build-up in throat causes the coughing, that can sometimes braek ribs.

Front 25

Whooping Cough
(Pertussis)

Characteristics

Back 25

Gram (-) coccobacillus
obligate aerobic
virulent strains produce capsules
produces two toxins, tracheal cytotoxin, and pertussis toxin
Agar-Bordet Genqou
PCR test and wire in throat test.

Front 26

Whooping Cough
(Pertussis)

Treatment

Back 26

DTaP Vaccine
Erythromycin
Must be treated prior to second stage, or hard to treat.

Front 27

Tuberculosis (TB)


Organism & Transmission

Back 27

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

respiratory aerosols
High concentration % in-
Asians, Southern states and Alaska
D.C> and NYC - highest %

Front 28

Tuberculosis (TB)


Symptoms

Back 28

Vague chest symptoms, fever, anorexia, pleurisy, night sweats, pulmonary hemorrhaging.
Bacteria form the tubercle by infesting the macrophages, they clump, then they are deteriorated by the bacteria from the inside of the clump out. They finally break out into the bronchi and cause severe complications.

Front 29

Tuberculosis (TB)


Characteristics

Back 29

Slender rods, obligate aerobes
slow growing, acid fast, viable for weeks in dried sputum.
TB Test, Mantoux test, floruescent Abs test, ELSPOT test.
3-6 weeks for culture
Must be reported

Front 30

Bronchitis
(Infection of Bronchi)

Organism & Transmission

Back 30

Heamophilus influenza
Respiratory aerosols

Front 31

Bronchitis
(Infection of Bronchi)

Symptoms and characteristics

Back 31

Thick mucus, productive cough, can become chronic, can develop into pneumonia.

Swab sputum samples
X&B growth on disks of blood agar and chocolate agar.

Front 32

Coryza
(Common Cold)

Organism & Transmission

Back 32

Rhinoviruses - 50%
Corona Viruses - 15-20%
More than 200 are known
only takes 1 virus to cause a cold
Respiratory aerosols, fomites, hands

Front 33

Coryza
(Common Cold)

Symptoms & Characteristics

Back 33

Sneezing, excessive nasal secretions, coughing, congestion.
7-10 days to run course.
Visual determination

Front 34

Q Fever
Q-in australia means Query (don't know)
Organism & Transmission

Back 34

Coxiella Burnetti (only 1 to infect.
Animal to Human,(aerosols from infected animals, infected milk, or foor products)
Animal to Human (bite of infected ticks
Mainly found in CA, AZ, WA, OR

Front 35

Q Fever

Symptoms

Back 35

Flu-like pneumonia
60% are asymptomatic
Fever, Headaches, Muscle aches, coughing, malaise for months
5-10 yrs after initial infection - poss endocartitis

Front 36

Q Fever

Characteristics & Treatment

Back 36

Similar to endospores
OIP- Can't grow on medium
Must culture in chick embryo
G(-) Rod

Front 37

Psittacosis
(Ornithosis)

Organism & Transmission

Back 37

Chlamydophila psittaci

Aerosol discharge from birds
inhalation of dried bird fecal matter
Lots of different types of birds.

Front 38

Psittacosis
(Ornithosis)

Symptoms

Back 38

Is a type of pneumonia
Fever, headache, chills
Sometimes delerium and disorientation
Under stress makes you more susceptible to acquire

Front 39

Legionnaires' Disease
(Legionellosis)

Organism & Transmission

Back 39

Legionella pneumophila

aerosols from contaminated water. (A/C of hotels, pools, humidifiers etc.)
Most susceptible to acquire: Male, over 50 that smoke and jave underlying health complications such as COPD

Front 40

Legionnaires' Disease
(Legionellosis)

Symptoms

Back 40

Fever about 105 degrees
cough
general pneumonia-like symptoms

Front 41

Legionnaires' Disease
(Legionellosis)

Characteristics

Back 41

G(-) Rods
Aerobic
Resistant to chlorine and phagocytes

Grown on charcoal ans yeast extract medium
Part of Rikettsia group.

Front 42

Influenza


Organism & Transmission

Back 42

Influenza virus (Myxovirus)
Types A (Major Pandemics)
Type B (Mild local)
Type C (Rare)
Respiratory aerosols, highly contagious.
Many different animals spread.
1918 20 Mil people die from Type A

Front 43

Influenza


Symptoms

Back 43

Chills, Fever, Muscle Aches, cold-like symptoms.
Secondary bacterial infections often take over.
NO ASPIRIN- Reye's syndrome possible.

Front 44

Influenza


Characteristics

Back 44

Mutate at a high rate
Many different strains
Top 3 strains become flu vaccine
H & N spikes identify the strains.
H - Hemagluttinin
N - Neuraminidase

Front 45

Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome
(found in 4 corners area)

Organism & Transmission

Back 45

Hantavirus (sin hombre) means no name
Family Bunyaviridae

aerosol transmission of rodent feces (Deer mouse)

Front 46

Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome
(found in 4 corners area)

Symptoms

Back 46

Fever, Cough, severe pneumonia, Edema in Lungs(Drown), Heart failure
Mortality was 40-50%, no lower because of quick supportive care like High flow O2.

Front 47

Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome
(found in 4 corners area)

Characteristics

Back 47

RNA Virus
ELISA Test
Western Blot
Seriological test

Front 48

Coccidiodomycosis
(San Joaquin Valley Fever)-Epidemic area
Organism & Transmission

Back 48

Coccidioides immitis
(Ascomycetes)
Inhalation of airborn spores
No direct contact
Possibly when driving

Front 49

Coccidiodomycosis
(San Joaquin Valley Fever)

Symptoms

Back 49

Often subclinical symptoms
Possible, chest pain, coughing, fever, weight loss
Less than 1% are serious

Front 50

Coccidiodomycosis
(San Joaquin Valley Fever)

Characteristics

Back 50

Spherules
Hyphae lay dormant in soil, then blows in wind.
Dimorphic (Yeast or mold)
Mimics TB, must RO TB by looking for spherules.
Skin test similar to TB Test

Front 51

Histoplasmosis
(Mississippi Valley Fever)

Organism and Transmission

Back 51

Histoplasma capsulatium
(Ascomycetes)
Inhalation of airborne spores, bird or bat droppings.

Front 52

Histoplasmosis
(Mississippi Valley Fever)

Symptoms

Back 52

Will mimic TB as well
Very vague subclinical symptoms: Fever and cough.
Small number of cases can become bad and spread through blood and lymph.

Front 53

Histoplasmosis
(Mississippi Valley Fever)

Characteristics

Back 53

Dimorphic Fungus
Can grow inside macrophages
Pt Hx is important (camping, bat hunting, etc.)
DNA Probes

Front 54

Blastomycosis


Organism and Transmission

Back 54

Blaastomyces dermatitdis
(Ascomycetes)

Inhalation of airborne spores.
Farmers with open skin in wind

Front 55

Blastomycosis


Symptoms & characteristics

Back 55

Abcess formation and tissue destruction
forms cutaneous infection
Dimorphic fungus
Mississippi River Valley Area
Biopsy

Front 56

Pneumocystis pneumonia


Organism and Transmission

Back 56

Pneumocystis jiroveci
(ascomycetes)

respiratory secretions, inhaling organism from environment.

Front 57

Pneumocystis pneumonia


Transmission and carriers

Back 57

Rare before HIV and AIDS
Healthy person usually not infected, only immunosuppressed individual.

Front 58

Pneumocystis pneumonia


Symptoms and characterisics

Back 58

Fever, cyanosis, alveoli filled with frothy material
Related to yeasts
Thick walled cysts found in Sputum.