Microbiology: Human Herpes Virus, Rotavirus & Norovirus: Block Iii

Front 1

This herpes virus, while usually benign in the immunocompetent host, is the most common congenital infection and the most significant cause of microbial birth handicap.

Back 1

CMV

Front 2

What are the side effects associated with CMV infection in immunocompromised people?

Back 2

Pneumonia or retinitis in AIDS patients.
Pneumonia in children on corticosteroids.
Disseminated disease including hepatitis in transplant recipients.

Front 3

This drug is used to treat interstitial pneumonia or disseminated CMV in immunicompromised persons- it requires enzyme activation by viral TK and may have severe side effects

Back 3

Gancyclovir/Valgancyclovir

Front 4

This drug is an alternate treatment for CMV that is especially useful in AIDS patients that cannot tolerate gancyclovir- targets DNA dependent DNA polymerase

Back 4

Foscarnet

Front 5

This drug used against CMV is not TK dependent

Back 5

Cidofovir

Front 6

This drug used to treat CMV must be given early in the course of the disease, has moderate effectiveness in the treatment of systemic infection including encephalitis, and requires TK activation.

Back 6

Acyclovir

Front 7

This virus causes infectious mononucleosis

Back 7

EBV

Front 8

This virus causes latent or chronic infection of leukocytes, can lead to B cell lymphomas in immunocompromised, and causes infectious mononucleosis:

Back 8

EBV

Front 9

This disease is characterized by large lymphocytes in the peripheral blood, heterophil agglutinins/Abs in Paul-Bunnell Test, monospot assay, and IgM/IgG capture assays.

Back 9

Mono- EBV infection

Front 10

This disease involves epithelial cells of the tongue, is caused by EBV infection, and is seen in HIV infected patients that are progressing to AIDS.

Back 10

Oral Hairy Leukopenia

Front 11

This disease is caused by infection with EBV, commonly in AIDS patients, is body cavity associated lymphoma:

Back 11

B Cell Lymphoma

Front 12

This is a specific chromosomal translocation caused by infection with EBV involving c-myc oncogene and immunoglobulin genes:

Back 12

Burkitt's Lymphoma

Front 13

In persons with this syndrome, EBV infection may lead to fatal mononucleosis or hypogammaglobulinemia due to excessive production of CD 8 T Cells.

Back 13

X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome

Front 14

In this disease, the SAP gene on the X-chromosome is associated with the lethal disease that follows EBV infection.

Back 14

X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome

Front 15

This T-Lymphotropic herpes virus can replicate in monocytes and macrophages (same range as HIV), many infections are subclinical, and usually causes febrile illness in infants.

Back 15

HHV6

Front 16

This is a febrile illness with a maculopapular rash that is caused by HHV-6B, can occur year round, and may involve seizures:

Back 16

Roseola = Exanthem Subtium (Sixth Disease)

Front 17

This is a minor cause of exanthem subtium, usually in children 4-6, resulting in a diffuse rash.

Back 17

HHV-7

Front 18

This is the most recently discovered herpes virus that is causally associated with Kaposi's Sarcoma in AIDS patients

Back 18

HHV-8

Front 19

This virus causes recurrent cold sores and herpes labialis

Back 19

HSV 1

Front 20

This virus causes genital herpes

Back 20

HSV 2

Front 21

Infection with this virus causes chickenpox (primary) and shingles (secondary):

Back 21

Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV)

Front 22

This virus causes congenital cytomegalic inclusion disease, retinitis, pneumonia and other diseases in immunocompromised;

Back 22

CMV

Front 23

This virus causes infectious mononucleosis and B cell lymphomas

Back 23

EBV

Front 24

This is a skin or mucosal vesicular lesion caused by primary infection with HSV-1 in children that may lead to pharyngitis or tonsillitis in adolescents

Back 24

Gingivostomatitis

Front 25

Characterizes by ulcers on the cornea that are most serious with primary infection with HSV-1 but reactivation is possible.

Back 25

Keratoconjunctivitis

Front 26

Fever blisters/cold sores caused by secondary infection with HSV-1

Back 26

Herpes Labilis

Front 27

_______ is the most common cause of sporadic and necrotizing encephalitis.

Back 27

Herpes

Front 28

This infection of the CNS is a complication of infection with HSV-1 (adolescents/adults) can occur in primary or secondary infection and requires prompt IV acyclovir

Back 28

Herpes Encephalitis

Front 29

Neonatal cases of herpes encephalitis are primarily caused by which virus?

Back 29

HSV-2

Front 30

How to newborns get neonatal herpes?

Back 30

Usually resulting from primary infection of the mother near the end of pregnancy - there is no passive immunization with maternal anti-HSV IgG and more virus is shed into the birth canal

Front 31

What is the treatment for neonatal herpes?

Back 31

Prompt IV acyclovir

Front 32

________ is more effective for genital herpes lesions caused by HHV 2.

Back 32

Valacyclovir

Front 33

HSV-1, VZV, EBV, CMV, HHV-6 & HHV-7 are all spread via what route?

Back 33

Respiratory

Front 34

HSV 1 & 2 and VZV are spread via what route?

Back 34

Through contact with vesicular lesions

Front 35

CMV is spread via what route?

Back 35

Congenital

Front 36

Which two herpes viruses are spread via sexual contact?

Back 36

HSV-2 and HHV-8

Front 37

Which herpes virus is spread via transplantation?

Back 37

CMV

Front 38

What drug is used for herpes encephalitis and neonatal herpes?

Back 38

IV acyclovir

Front 39

Which drug is used for herpes labialis?

Back 39

Topical penciclovir

Front 40

Which drug is used for ocular herpes?

Back 40

Topical Trifluridine

Front 41

Which drug is used for recurrent genital herpes?

Back 41

The prodrug forms of acyclovir and famciclovir

Front 42

Chickenpox is caused by a primary infection with which virus?

Back 42

VZV

Front 43

This lipid enveloped virus has a winter-spring peak, is spread via the repiratory route, has no synchronous progression, and has lesions that appear on the trunk (initially)?

Back 43

VZV - Chickenpox

Front 44

What kind of vaccine is there for chickenpox and when is it given?

Back 44

It is a live attenuated vaccine (Oka strain). The first dose is given at 12-15 months and the second at 4-6 years.

Front 45

This virus can cause a fatal pneumonia, esp. in the immunocompromised. Often accompanied by a secondary superinfection with Group A Strep or S. Aureus and is often seen in pregnant women:

Back 45

VZV

Front 46

What are three possible complications of varicella?

Back 46

1. Encephalitis
2. Pneumonia
2. Secondary skin infections (S. Aureus or S. pyogenes)

Front 47

Is caused by reactivation of varicella virus, causes a rash with a dermatome distribution, shows thoracic or opthalmic pattern, and lies latent in the dorsal root ganglia (previous chicken pox virus).

Back 47

Zoster

Front 48

This is an extremely painful complication of Zoster/Shingles that can persist for months and the rate of infection increases significantly with age:

Back 48

Post-Herpatoc Neuralgia

Front 49

These live-attenuated viruses are the only licensed vaccines for HHV and are administered at 12 months (higher dose for over 60 to prevent shingles).

Back 49

Varicella and Zoster

Front 50

What is the appropriate therapy for persons at risk of serious primary infection with VZV?

Back 50

VZIG and/or acyclovir- VZIG for non-immune neonate or immunocompromised person exposed to VZV

Front 51

What is the therapy for persons with Zoster?

Back 51

Oral famciclovir or valacyclovir

Front 52

_______ or _______ is used for Zoster/Shingles, reactivated genital herpes, or disseminated VZV or HSV in immunocompromised.

Back 52

Oral Famciclovir or Valacyclovir

Front 53

Topical ________ is used for herpes keratitis or keratoconjunctivitis

Back 53

Triflurothymidine

Front 54

This is the cream for herpes labialis:

Back 54

Penciclovir

Front 55

Oral or IV ______ is used for promary infections with VZV or HSV.

Back 55

Acyclovir

Front 56

The major worldwide cause of serious gastroenteritis (fever, abdominal pain, diarrhea & vomiting) in infants and young children.

Back 56

Rotavirus

Front 57

When does rotavirus infection peak in the southwest? In the northern and eastern states?

Back 57

Southwest = Winter
Nothern & Eastern States = Spring

Front 58

This is a non-enveloped, naked icosahedral virus composed of segmented double stranded RNA with structural RNA dependent RNA polymerase that is distinct in that it has a winter-spring prevalence.

Back 58

Rotavirus

Front 59

What is the incubation period for rotavirus and what is the infectious period?

Back 59

Has a 1-3 day incubation with 4-8 days of fever, diarrhea, stomach pain and vomiting.

Front 60

This therapy is used in place of IV rehydration and consists of 90mmol/L of Na+ mixed with glucose for transport.

Back 60

Oral rehydration therapy - more cost effective but takes longer

Front 61

This complication was associated with the rhesus rotavirus reassortment derived vaccine.

Back 61

Intussusception

Front 62

This vaccine is pentavalent, contains four reassortments with ds RNA segment, and is administered orally

Back 62

Live-oral Bovine Reassortment Vaccine

Front 63

This vaccine is based on reassortments of non-pathogenic bovine rotavirus substituted with ds RNA segment from human rotaviruses encoding an icosahedral capsid protein reponsible for major human antigenic serotypes.

Back 63

Live-Oral Rotaviral Vaccine

Front 64

This is the 3 dose pentavalent vaccine for rotavirus that may be too expensive for use in developing countries

Back 64

RotaTeq

Front 65

This is the monovalent 2 dose rotavirus vaccine that is less expensive

Back 65

Rotarix

Front 66

This virus in the calivirus family is the major cause of viral gastroenteritis in older children and adults:

Back 66

Norovirus

Front 67

This virus is a naked icosahedral capsid consisting of ssRNA with replication that occurs in the cytoplasm and is the major cause of acute gastroenteritis in the US:

Back 67

Norovirus

Front 68

This is the major cause of food borne infectious disease in the US:

Back 68

Norovirus

Front 69

How is norovirus transmitted?

Back 69

By the fecal oral or emesis-oral route and food-bourne transmission is more common than human-human