Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
97 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
block peptidoglycan synthesis (3)
|
vancomycin
Bacitracin cycloserine |
|
|
chloramphenicol blocks protein synthesis at
|
50S ribosome
|
|
|
lincomycin blocks protein synthesis at
|
50S ribosome
|
|
|
linezolid blocks protein synthesis at
|
50S ribosome
|
|
|
streptogramins blocks protein synthesis at
examples (2) |
50S ribosome
quinuprisitn dalfopristin |
|
|
bactericidal antibiotics (6)
|
penicillins
cephalosporins aminoglycosides vancomycin fluoroquinolones metronidazole |
|
|
penicillin used to treat (4)
|
gram-positive cocci (Strep.)
gram-positive bacilli (Bacillus) gram-negative cocci (Neisseria) spirochetes (Treponema) |
|
|
penicillinase-resistant penicllins (3)
|
methicillin
nafcillin dicloxacillin |
|
|
penicillinase-resistant penicillins used to treat
|
S. aureus
|
|
|
methicillin toxicity
|
interstitial nephritis
|
|
|
aminopenicillins (2)
|
ampicillin
amoxicillin |
|
|
aminopenicillins used to treat (2)
|
gram-negative bacilli
enterococci |
|
|
aminopenicillin toxicity
|
pseudomembranous colitis
|
|
|
Pseudomonas aeurginosa treated with (3)
|
ticarcillin
piperacillin carbenicillin |
|
|
1st generation cephalosporins (2)
|
cefazolin
cephalexin |
|
|
1st generation cephalosporins usesd to treat (3)
|
Proteus
E.coli Klebsiella (PEcK) |
|
|
2nd generation cephalosporins (3)
|
cefoxitin
cefaclor cefuroxime |
|
|
2nd generation cephalosporins used to treat (7)
|
Haeumophilus
Enterobacter Neisseria Proteus E.coli Klebsiella Serratia (HEN PEcKS) |
|
|
3rd generation cephalosporins (3)
|
ceftriaxone
cefotaxime ceftazidime |
|
|
3rd generation cephalosporins used to treat
examples special property |
serious gram-negative infections resistant to other beta-lactam antibiotics
N. gonorroheae Pseudomonas penetrate BBB - used to treat meningitis |
|
|
toxicity of cephalosporins
|
disulfiram-like reaction when combined with ethanol
|
|
|
antibiotic used for patients who are penicillin-allergic and/or have renal failure
|
aztreonam
|
|
|
drug of choice for Enterobacter (2)
|
Imipenem/cilastatin
meropenem |
|
|
bactericidal or bacteriostatic:
aminoglycosides |
bactericidal
|
|
|
bactericidal or bacteriostatic:
tetracyclines |
bacteriostatic
|
|
|
bactericidal or bacteriostatic:
50S ribosome inhibitors |
bacteriostatic
|
|
|
inhibits peptidyl transferase
|
chloramphenicol
|
|
|
inhibits translocase (2)
|
lincomycin
erythromycin |
|
|
inhibit formation of initiation complex
|
aminoglycosides
|
|
|
aminoglycoside given prophylactically for bowel surgery
|
neomycin
|
|
|
tetracycline which is an ADH antagonist
|
demeclocycline
(used to treat SIADH) |
|
|
prevent attachment of aa-tRNA
|
tetracyclines
|
|
|
tetracycline that can be used in patients with renal failure
|
doxycycline (eliminated in the feces)
|
|
|
tetracyclines cannot be taken with (3)
|
milk
antacids Fe-containing preparations (divalent cations inhibit absorption of tetracyclines in the gut) |
|
|
discolor teeth and inhibit bone growth in children
|
tetracyclines
|
|
|
block translocation
|
macrolides
|
|
|
toxicities of macrolides (2)
|
increase serum concentration of theophylline
increase serum concentration of warfarin |
|
|
inhibits 50S peptidyltransferase
|
chloramphenicol
|
|
|
causes dose-dependent aplastic anemia
|
chloramphenicol
|
|
|
causes gray baby syndrome
because |
chloramphenicol
babies lakes UDP-glucuronyl transferase |
|
|
blocks peptide bond formation at 50S ribosome
|
clindamycin
|
|
|
clindamycin is used to treat
|
anaerobic infections above the diaphragm
|
|
|
toxicities of sulfonimides (2)
|
kernicterus in infants
displace other drugs from albumin |
|
|
toxicities of trimethoprim (3)
|
megaloblastic anemia
leukopenia granulocytopenia (TMP Treats Marrow Poorly) |
|
|
naldixic acid is a
|
fluroquinolone
|
|
|
toxicities of fluroquinolones
- children - kids - adults |
damages cartilage
lep cramps and myalgias tendonitis and tendon rupture |
|
|
toxicities of metronidzole (2)
|
disulfiram-like reaction when combined with ethanol
metallic taste |
|
|
cause ATN
|
polymixins
|
|
|
anti-TB drugs are
|
hepatotoxic
|
|
|
MOA of INH
|
causes a decrease in synthesis of mycolic acid
|
|
|
toxicities of INH (2)
|
neurotoxicty (depletes pyridoxine - vit. B6)
SLE-like syndrome |
|
|
MOA of rifampin
|
inhibits DNA-dependnet RNA polymerase (DDRP)
|
|
|
rifampin:
inhibits or induces cytochrome P450 |
induces
|
|
|
modification via acetylation inactivates (2)
|
aminoglycosides
chloramphenicol |
|
|
resistance to macrolides due to
|
Methylation of rRNA near binding site
|
|
|
resistance to tetracyclines is due to
|
decreased uptake or increased efflux
|
|
|
drug of choice for meningococcal infection prophylaxis
|
rifampin
|
|
|
drug of choice for gonorrhea prophylaxis
|
cefriaxone
|
|
|
drug of choice for syphilis prophylaxis
|
(Benzathine) penicillin G
|
|
|
topical used for diaper rash
|
nystatin
|
|
|
crytococcal meningitis in AIDS patients treated with
|
fluconazole (crosses BBB)
|
|
|
toxicities of azoles, e.g., fluconazole (2)
|
gynecomastia (inhibit hormone synthesis)
inhibition of CYP450 |
|
|
MOA of caspofungin
|
inhibits funal cell wall synthesis
|
|
|
caspofungin used to treat
|
invasive aspergillosis
|
|
|
MOA of terbinafine
|
inhibits squalene epoxidase so that lanosterol is not formed
|
|
|
terbinafine is used to treat
especially |
dermatophytes
onychomycosis |
|
|
MOA of griseofulvin
|
inhibits microtubule function
|
|
|
griseofulvin deposits in
|
keratin-containing tissues, e.g., nails
|
|
|
griseofulvin is used to treat
|
Tinea (ringworm)
|
|
|
toxicities of griseofulvin (2)
|
carcinogenic
induces CYP450 |
|
|
toxicity of amantadine
|
cerebellar problems (ataxia, dizziness, slurred speech)
|
|
|
MOA of ribavirin
|
inhibits synthesis of guanine nucleotides by inhibiting IMP dehydrogenase
|
|
|
ribavirin is used to treat (2)
|
chronic hepatitis C
RSV |
|
|
toxicities of gangiclovir (3)
|
leukopenia
neutropenia thrombocytopenia |
|
|
MOA of foscarnet
|
inhibits viral DNA polymerase
|
|
|
foscarnet does not require
|
activation by a viral kinase
(acyclovir and gangiclovir require activation by a viral kinase) |
|
|
protease inhibitors cause
|
hyperglycemia
|
|
|
zidovudine (AZT) toxicity
|
megaloblastic anemia
|
|
|
nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor used during pregnancy to reduce risk of fetal transmission of HIV
|
zidovudine (AZT)
|
|
|
IFN-α used to treat (3)
|
chronic hepatitis B
chronic hepatitis C Kaposi's sarcoma |
|
|
IFN-β used to treat
|
MS
|
|
|
IFN-γ used to treat
|
NADPH oxidase deficiency
|
|
|
IFN toxicity
|
neutropenia
|
|
|
onchocerciasis treated with
|
ivermectin
(rIVER blindness is treated with IVERmectin) |
|
|
nematode (roundworm) infections are treated with
|
mebendazole
|
|
|
pyrantel pamoate used to treat (3)
|
Ancyclostoma (hookworm)
Ascaris (giant roundworm) Enterobius (pinworm) |
|
|
praziquantel is used to treat (2)
|
trematode (fluke) infections
cysticercosis |
|
|
cestode (tapeworm) infections are treated with
|
niclosamide
|
|
|
pentavalent antimony is used to treat
|
Leishmaniasis
|
|
|
nifurtimox is used to treat
|
Chaga's disease
|
|
|
African typanosomiasis is treated with
|
Suramin
|
|
|
kernicterus
|
sulfonamides
|
|
|
ototoxity
|
aminoglycosides
|
|
|
cartilage damage
|
fluoroquinolones
|
|
|
mutagenesis
|
metronidazole
|
|
|
discolored teeth and inhibition of bone growth
|
tetracyclines
|
|
|
teratogenic (2)
|
griseofulvin
ribavirin |
