Microbiology High Yield (Fa) - Part 3

Front 1

protozoa:

amebic dysentery

clinical feature

Back 1

Entamoeba histolytica

bloody diarrhea

Front 2

liver abscesses --> RUQ pain caused by

Back 2

Entamoeba histolytica

Front 3

Entamoeba histolytica transmitted by

Back 3

cysts in water

Front 4

Entamoeba histolytica diagnosed by (2)

Back 4

trophozoites in stool (trophozoites with ingested RBC's)
cysts in stool

Front 5

Entamoeba histolytica treated with

Back 5

metronidazole

Front 6

MOA of metronidazole

Back 6

ROS --> disruption of DNA synthesis

Front 7

protozoa:

bloating
flatulence
foul-smelling diarrhea

Back 7

Giardia lamblia

Front 8

Giardia lamblia transmitted by

Back 8

cysts in water (often seen in campers/hikers who drink spring water)

Front 9

Giardia lamblia diagnosed by (2)

Back 9

trophozoites in stool
cysts in stool

Front 10

Giardia lamblia treated with

Back 10

metronidazole

Front 11

protozoa:

severe diarrhea in AIDS patients
mild diarrhea in immunocompetent patients

Back 11

Crypotosporidium

Front 12

Crypotosporidium transmitted by

Back 12

cysts in water

Front 13

Crypotosporidium diagnosed by

Back 13

cysts on acid-fast stain

Front 14

Crypotosporidium treated with

Back 14

nothing (no treatment available - that's why it's so dangerous to AIDS patients --> full recovery may not occur)

Front 15

protozoa:

brain abscess in HIV patients (ring-enhancing lesions)
birth defects in children of affected mothers

Back 15

Toxoplasma gondii

Front 16

Toxoplasma gondii transmitted by (2)

Back 16

cysts in meat
cysts in cat feces

Front 17

Toxoplasma gondii diagnosed by (2)

Back 17

serology
biopsy

Front 18

Toxoplasma gondii treated with

Back 18

sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine

Front 19

protozoa:

cyclic fever
anemia
splenomegaly

Back 19

Plasmodium

Front 20

most severe form of Plasmodium

may invade the

Back 20

Plasmodium falciparum

brain

Front 21

Plasmodium transmitted by

Back 21

Anopheles mosquito

Front 22

Plasmodium diagnosed by

Back 22

blood smear

(see signet rings within RBC's)

Front 23

Plasmodium treated with

Back 23

chloroquine

Front 24

relapse with P. vivax and P. ovale prevented with

Back 24

primaquine

Front 25

Trichomonas vaginalis diagnosed by

Back 25

motile trophozoites on wet mount

Front 26

Trichomonas vaginalis treated with

Back 26

metronidazole

Front 27

protozoa:

African sleeping sickness (2)

Back 27

Trypanosoma gambiense
Trypanosoma rhodesiense

Front 28

Trypanosoma gambiense and Trypanosoma rhodesiense transmitted by

Back 28

Tsetse fly

Front 29

Trypanosoma gambiense and
Trypanosoma rhodesiense trated with
- blood-borne disease
- CNS penetration

Back 29

suramin

melarsoprol

Front 30

T. gambiense and T. rhodesiense diagnosed by

Back 30

blood smear

Front 31

protozoa:

dilated cardiomyopathy
megacolon
megaesophagus

Back 31

Trypanosoma cruzi

Front 32

Trypanosoma cruzi transmitted by

Back 32

Reduviid bug (kissing bug)

Front 33

Trypanosoma cruzi diagnosed by

Back 33

blood smear

Front 34

Typanosoma cruzi treated with

Back 34

nifurtimox

Front 35

protozoa:

kala-azar

Back 35

Leishmania donovani

(visceral leishmaniasis)

Front 36

Leishmania donovani transmitted by

Back 36

sandfly

Front 37

Leishmania donovani diagnosed by

Back 37

amastigotes within macrophages = Donovani bodies

Front 38

Leishmania donovani treated with

Back 38

sodium stibogluconate

Front 39

protozoa:

fever
anemia

Back 39

Babesia microti

Front 40

Babesia microti transmitted by

Back 40

Ixodes tick

(same as Borrelia burgdorferi)

Front 41

Babesia microti diagnosed by

Back 41

blood smear

(RBC's demonstrate maltese cross pattern and contain no pigment)

Front 42

Babesia microti treated with (2)

Back 42

quinine

clindamycin

Front 43

protozoa:

rapidly fatal meningoencephalitis

Back 43

Naegleria fowleri

Front 44

Naegleria fowleri transmitted by

enter via

Back 44

swimming/diving in freshwater lakes

cribiform plate

Front 45

Naegleria fowleri diagnosed by

Back 45

amebas in CSF

Front 46

Naegleria fowleri treated with

Back 46

nothing

Front 47

cestode (tapeworm):

cysticercosis (mass lesions in the brain)

Back 47

Taenia solium

Front 48

Taenia solium transmitted by

Back 48

ingestion of undercooked pork

Front 49

Taenia solium treated with
- without cysticercosis
- with cysticercosis

Back 49

praziquantel/niclosamide

albendazole

Front 50

MOA of albendazole

Back 50

inhibits tubulin polymerization, i.e., microtuble assembly

Front 51

cestode (tapeworm)

cysts in liver
anaphylaxis (when antigens released from cysts)

Back 51

Echinococcus granulosus

Front 52

Echinococcus granulosus transmitted by

Back 52

eggs in dog feces

(sheep herder with many sheep dogs)

Front 53

Echinococcus granulosus treated with

Back 53

albendazole

Front 54

trematode (fluke):

granulomas, fibrosis, and inflammation of spleen and liver

Back 54

Schistosoma

Front 55

Schistosoma host

Back 55

snails

Front 56

Schistosoma transmitted by

Back 56

penetration of skin by cercariae

Front 57

Schistosoma treated with

Back 57

praziquantel

Front 58

trematode (fluke):

inflammation of biliary tract

Back 58

Clonorchis sinensis

Front 59

Clonorchis sinensis transmitted by

Back 59

ingestion of undercooked fish

Front 60

Clonorchis sinensis treated with

Back 60

praziquantel

Front 61

trematode (fluke):

inflammation and secondary bacterial infection of the lungs

Back 61

Paragonimus westermani

Front 62

Paragonimus westermani transmitted by

Back 62

ingestion of undercooked crab meat

Front 63

Paragonimus westermani treated with

Back 63

praziquantel

Front 64

nematode (roundworm):

intestinal infection --> anemia

Back 64

Ancyclostoma duodenale (hookworm)

Front 65

Ancyclostoma duodenale transmitted by

Back 65

penetration of skin by larvae

Front 66

Ancyclostoma duodenale treated with

Back 66

mebendazole/pyrantel pamoate

Front 67

MOA of pyrantel pamoate

Back 67

depolarizes nematode NMJ's --> irreversible paralysis

Front 68

nematode (roundworm):

intestinal infection
eggs visible in feces

Back 68

Ascaris lumbricoides (giant roundworm)

Front 69

Ascaris lumbricoides treated with

Back 69

mebendazole/pyrantel pamoate

Hint 69

mebendazole has same MOA as albendazole:

inhibits tubilin polymerization, i.e., microtubule assembly

Front 70

Enterobius vermicularis treated with

Back 70

mebendazole/pyrantel pamoate

Front 71

nematode (roundworm):

intestinal infection
larvae in the soil

Back 71

Strongyloides stercoralis

Front 72

Strongyloides stercoralis transmitted by

Back 72

penetration of skin by larvae found in the soil

Front 73

Strongyloides stercoralis treated with

Back 73

thiabendazole/ivermectin

Front 74

MOA of ivermectin

Back 74

hyperpolarization of NMJ --> paralysis

Front 75

nematode (roundworm):

inflammation of muscle
periorbital edema

Back 75

Trichinella spiralis

Front 76

Trichinella spiralis transmitted by

Back 76

ingestion of undercooked meat (usually pork)

Front 77

Trichinella spiralis treated with

Back 77

thiabendazole

Front 78

nematode (roundworm):

skin inflammation and ulceration

Back 78

Dracunculus medinensis

Front 79

Dracunculus medinensis transmitted via

Back 79

drinking water

Front 80

Dracunculus medinensis treated with

Back 80

niridazole

Front 81

nematode (roundworm):

skin swelling
worm crawling in conjuctiva

Back 81

Loa loa

Front 82

Loa loa transmitted by

Back 82

deer fly

Front 83

Loa loa treated with

Back 83

diethylcarbamazine

Front 84

nematode (roundworm):

river blindness

Back 84

Onchocerca volvulus

Front 85

Onchocerca volvulus transmitted by

Back 85

female blackfly

Front 86

Onchocerca volvulus treated with

Back 86

ivermectin

Front 87

nematode (roundworm):

granulomas (in retina --> blindness)
visceral larva migrans

Back 87

Toxocara canis

Front 88

Toxocara canis transmitted by

Back 88

food contaminated with eggs

Front 89

Toxocara canis treated with

Back 89

diethylcarbamazine

Front 90

nematode (roundworm):

elephantiasis

due to

Back 90

Wuchereria bancrofti

blockage of lymphatic vessels

Front 91

Wuchereria bancrofti transmitted by

Back 91

female mosquito

Front 92

Wuchereria bancrofti treated with

Back 92

diethylcarbamazine

Front 93

brain cysts
seizures

Back 93

Taenia solium (cysticercosis)

Front 94

liver cysts

Back 94

Echinococcus granulosus

Front 95

biliary tract disease

Back 95

Clonorchis sinensis

Front 96

hemoptysis

Back 96

Paragonimus westermani

Front 97

portal HTN

Back 97

Schistosoma mansoni

Front 98

hematuria
bladder cancer

Back 98

Schistosoma haematobium