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117 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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cytokines induced by techoic acid (2)
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TNF-α
IL-1 |
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cytokines induced by Lipid A (2)
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TNF-α
IL-1 |
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mediates adherence to foreign bodies, e.g., indwelling catheters
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glycocalyx
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Chlamydia lack ______ in their cell wall
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muramic acid
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superantigens binds directly to ______ and ____
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MHC class II molcecules (without antigen in binding domain)
TCR |
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T-cells activated by superantigens release (2)
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IFN-γ (attracts macrophages)
IL-2 |
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MOA of Vibrio cholerae A-B toxin
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ADP-ribosylation of Gs (↑ AC --> ↑ cAMP)
(Vibrio cholerae turns "on" on) |
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MOA of heat labile E. coli A-B toxin
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ADP-ribosylation of Gs (↑ AC --> ↑ cAMP)
(labile like the air = AC) |
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MOA of heat stable E. coli A-B toxin
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↑ GC --> ↑ cGMP
(stable like the ground) |
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MOA of B. pertussis A-B toxin
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ADP-ribosylation of Gi (↑ AC --> ↑ cAMP)
(Bordetella pertussis turns "off" off) |
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chemokine receptor inhibited by
results in |
B. pertussis
lymphocytosis |
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double zone of hemolysis on blood agar
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C. perfringens
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MOA of C. tetani exotoxin
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blocks release of inhibitory NT's, i.e., GABA and glycine
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host cell rRNA cleaved by (2)
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Shiga-toxin (Shigella)
Shiga-like toxin (E. coli 0157:H7) |
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cytokine release enhanced by (2)
result |
Shiga toxin
Shiga-like toxin (E. coli O157:Ht) HUS (microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, acute renal failure, thrombocytopenia) |
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novobiocin sensitive Staph
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Staph. epidermidis
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novobiocin resistant Staph
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Staph. saprophyticus
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optochin sensitive Strep
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Strep. pneumoniae
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bile soluble Strep
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Strep pneumoniae
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optochin resistant Strep
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Strep. mutans (Viridans Strep)
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bile-insoluble Strep
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Strep. mutans (Viridans Strep)
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bacitracin sensitive Strep
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Strep. pyogenes
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bacitracin resistant Strep
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Strep. agalactiae
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α-hemolytic Strep (2)
appearance of hemolysis |
Strep. pneumoniae
Strep. mutans (Viridans Strep) green |
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β-hemolytic Strep (2)
appearance of hemolysis |
Strep. pyogenes
Strep. agalactiae halo |
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gram-positive rods (4)
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Bacillus
Clostridium Corynebacterium Listeria |
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gram-negative cocobacilli (4)
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Haemophilus
Bordetella Pasteurella Brucella |
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Pasteurella acquired via
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animal bites
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gram-negative bacilli, lactose fermenters (2)
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E. coli
Klebsiella |
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gram-negative bacilli, lactose nonfermenters (4)
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Pseudomonas
Shigella Salmonella Proteus |
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gram-negative bacillus, lactose nonfermenter, oxidase-positive
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Pseudomonas
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gram-negative bacilli, lactose nonfermenters, oxidase-negative (3)
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Shigella
Salmonella Proteus |
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grows on chocolate agar
requires (2) factors acquired via |
H. influenzae
factor V (NAD) factor X (hematin) hemolysis of RBC's (via heat or addition of S. aureus) (when junior has the "flu" mom goes to the five and dime to buy chocolate) |
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grows on Tellurite plate
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C. diphtheriae
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grows on Loffler's medium
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C. diphtheriae
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grows on Lowenstein-Jensen agar
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M. tuberculosis
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Giemsa's stain stains (4)
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Chlamydia
Borrelia Plasmodium Trypanosomes |
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silver stain stains (3)
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Legionella
Pneuomocystis jirovecii Fungi |
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bacterial toxins encoded in a lysogenic phage (4)
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Botulinum toxin
Cholera toxin Diphtheria toxin Erythrogenic toxin (BCDE) |
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Nocardia, Pseudomonas, Mycobacterium, and Bacillus are examples of
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obligate aerobes
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Clostridium, Bacteroides, and Actinomyces are examples of
can't be treated with |
obligate anaerobes
aminoglycosides (require O2 for uptake) |
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Rickettsia and Chlamydia are examples of
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obligate intracellular bacteria
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Salmonella, Neisseria, Brucella, Mycobacterium, Listeria, Francisella, Legionella, and Yersinia are examples of
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facultative intracellular bacteria
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Strep. pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Klebsiella are examples of
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encapsulated bacteria
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bacteria that contain spores (3)
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Bacillus anthracis
Clostridium perfringens Clostridium tetani (gram-positive bacilli) |
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bacteria:
tumbling motility found in unpasteurized milk causes meningitis in newborns |
Listeria monocytogenes
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S. aureus virulence factor
function |
protein A
binds Fc portion of IgG to inhibit complement fixation and phagocytosis |
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rapid-onset food poisoning
bacteria toxin |
S. aureus
enterotoxin (preformed) |
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scalded skin syndrome
bacteria toxin |
S. aureus
exfoliative toxin |
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causes impetigo (2)
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S. aureus
S. pyogenes |
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bacitracin sensitive streptococcus
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S. pyogenes
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bacteria:
subcutaneous nodules migratory polyarthritis erythema marginatum carditis |
Strep. pyogenes
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optochin sensitive streptococcus
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Strep. pneumoniae
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bacitracin resistant streptococcus
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Strep. agalactiae
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lancefield group D streptococcus
resistant to |
enterococci
penicillin G |
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optochin resistant Strep.
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Viridans strep. (S. mutans and S. sanguis)
(viridans strep live in the mouth because they are not afraid of-the-chin = op-to-chin) |
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genus:
gram-positive, spore-forming, obligate anaerobic bacilli |
Clostridium
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C. difficile is treated with
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metronidazole
(C. difficile is an obligate anerobe) |
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bacteria:
gram-positive rod with metachromatic granules |
Corynebacterium diphtheriae
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gram-negative bacteria are resistant to
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penicillin G
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causes epiglottitis
treatment |
Haemophilus influenzae
ceftriaxone (3rd gen. ceph) |
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E.coli, Salmonella, Shigella, Klebsiella, Serratia, and Proteus are examples of
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enterobacteriaceae
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enterobacteriaceae ferment
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glucose
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causes nosocomial UTI's
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Klebsiella
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Klebsiella, E.coli, Enterobacter, and Citrobacter are examples of
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lactose-fermenting enteric bacteria
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salmonella vs. shigella:
symptoms prolonged with antibiotic treatment |
salmonella
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salmonella vs. shigella:
monocyte response |
salmonella
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contaminated seafood (2)
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Vibrio parahaemolyticus
Vibrio vulnificus |
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reheated meat dishes
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Clostridium perfringens
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bloody diarrhea
grows at 42C oxidase positive |
Campylobacter jejuni
(gram-negative curved rod with polar flagellum) |
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Campylobacter, Salmonella, Shigella, Enterohemorrhagic E. coli, Enteroinvasive (inflammatory) E. coli, Yersinia enterocolitica, Clostridium difficile, and Entamoeba histolytica are examples of
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organisms that cause bloody diarrhea
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Enterotoxigenic E. coli, Vibrio cholerae, Clostridium perfringens, Giardia lamblia, Cryptosporidium (in immunocompromised), Rotavirus, Adenovirus, and Norwalk viruses are examples of
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organisms that cause watery diarrhea
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promotes lymphocytosis by inhibiting chemokine receptors
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B. pertussis A-B toxin
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Treatment for Legionella pneumophilia
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erythromycin
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Treatment for Pseudomonas
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aminoglycoside + extended spectrum penicillin (piperacillin, ticarcillin)
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H. pylori gram stain
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gram-negative bacillus
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Treatment regimens for H. pylori (2)
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bismuth
metronidazole tetracycline/amoxicillin or omeprazole metronidazole clarithromycin |
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undulant fever (low in the morning, high in the evening)
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Brucella
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sources of Brucella (2)
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dairy products
contact with animals |
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Francisella tularensis transmitted by
reservoir (2) |
tick bite
deer rabbit |
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Pasteurella multocida causes
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cellulitis
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Pasteurella multocida transmitted by
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animal bite (cats and dogs)
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+PPD signifies
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current infection with M. TB
past exposure to M. TB vaccination with BCG |
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-PPD signifies
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no infection with M. TB
anergy |
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anergy to PPD due to (3)
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malnutrition
immunocompromise steroids |
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Ghon complex involves (2)
sign of |
lower lobes (Gohn focus)
hilar LN's primary TB (TB granuloma) |
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sign of secondary TB
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fibrocaseous cavitary lesion (upper lobe)
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Mycobacterium:
pulmonary TB-like symptoms |
M. kansasii
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Mycobacterium:
cervical lymphadenitis in children |
M. scrofulaceum
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Treatment of M. leprae
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dapsone
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SE's of dapsone (2)
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hemolysis (in pts. with G6PD deficiency)
methemoglobinemia |
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alternate treatment for M. leprae
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rifampin
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Rickettsiae require ____ and ___ for survival
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CoA
NAD+ |
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Coxiella infection causes
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pneumonia
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Treatment for Rickettsial infections
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tetracycline
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Rickettsia:
rash starts on hands and feet and progresses to the body |
R. rickettsii (RMSF)
(rockey mountin sPotted fever has a centriPetal rash) |
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Rickettsia
rash starts on the body and progresses to the hands and feet |
endemic typhus (R. typhi)
epidemic typhus (R. prowazekii) (typhus has a centrifugal rash) |
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Rickettsiae:
-Weil-Felix |
Coxiella burnetii
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Rickettsiae:
no rash |
Coxiella burnetii
(pneumonia instead of rash) |
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Weil-Felix test
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antirickettsial Ab's cross-react with Proteus antigen
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grows on Eaton's agar
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Mycoplasma pneumoniae
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Treatment for Mycoplasma pneumoniae (2)
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tetracycline
erythromycin (Mycoplasma has no cell wall) |
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infectious component of Chlamydiae
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elementary body
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metabolically active component of Chlamydiae
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reticulate body
(located intracellularly) |
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Chlamydiae:
atypical pneumonia (2) |
C. pneumoniae
C. psittaci |
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Treatment for chlamydial infections (2)
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tetracyline
erythromycin (Chlamydiae are obligate intracellular parasites because they cannot make their own ATP) |
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Chlamydiae:
neonatal pneumonia neonatal conjunctivitis nongonococcal urethritis |
Chlamydia trachomatis serovars D through K
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Borrelia burgdorferi reservoir
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mice
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cycles through deer
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Treatment for B. burgdorferi
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tetracycline
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stage 1 of Lyme disease (2)
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erythema chronicum migrans
flu-like symptoms |
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stage 2 of Lyme disease (2)
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neurologic manifestations (Bell's palsy)
cardiac manifestations (heart block) |
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stage 3 of Lyme disease
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autoimmune migratory polyarthritis
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secondary syphilis (2)
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maculopapular rash (palms and soles)
condylomata lata |
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tertiary syphilis (4)
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gummas
aortitis (ascending aorta) tabes dorsalis Argyll Robertson pupils - accomodates, but does not react to light |
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congenital syphilis causes (4)
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deafness
saddle nose saber shins Hutchinson teeth (notched teeth) |
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broad-based ataxia
+Romberg Charcot joints stroke without HTN |
tertiary syphilis
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mononucleosis, hepatitis, drugs, rheumatic fever, rheumatoid arthritis, SLE, and leprosy can cause
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false positive VDRL
Viruses (mononucleosis, hepatitis) Drugs Rheumatic fever, Rheumatoid arthritis Leprosy, Lupus |
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