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5 Cards in this Set
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- Back
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Hepatitis A |
Order: Picornavirales Family: Picornaviridae Genus: Hepatovirus
Mode of transmission: 1. Fecal-Oral route ● Can occur as outbreaks in shellfish grown in sewage-polluted water 2. Parenteral transmission ● Occurs during the viremic phase, asymptomatic/prodromal phase of illness
Person at risk: 1. Travellers 2. Men who have sex with men 3. People working with nonhuman primates 4. Users of injection 5. Individuals with clotting disorder
No chronic state
➕Life-long immunity
Incubation period: 15~50 days Pre-icteric phase: 5 days Icteric phase: resolves within 3 months in 80% of the cases Convalescence: intolerance may last up to 18 months
In children less than 6 years old ● asymptomatic in 70% of the case ● if symptomatic, most don't have jaundice In older children and adult ● infection is typically symptomatic, with 70% having jaundice |
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Hepatitis E |
Family: Hepeviridae Genus: Hepevirus
Mode of transmission: Fecal-Oral route ● Gross fecal contamination of drinking water supplies ● A large inoculum is needed for transmission
Incubation period: 45 days
Jaundice is almost always present
10% develop into fulminant hepatitis
Chronic hepatitis: 1. Organ transplant patients 2. HIV patient
➕ animal reservoir (dogs, wild boars)
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Hepatitis C |
Family: Flaviviridae
Mode of transmission: 1. IV drug use 2. History of clotting factor concentrate infusion 3. Health care exposure 4. Multiple sex partners 5. Birth to an HCV-infected mother
Most of the time subclinical; only 20%–30% will be symptomatic (fatigue, abdominal pain, poor appetite, or jaundice)
Long-term effects: ● chronic symptomatic hepatitis: 10 years after ● cirrhosis : 20 years after ● hepatocellular carcinoma: 30 years after
Confirmatory testing: HCV RNA
Treatment: PEG interferon with Ribavirin for year |
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Hepatitis D |
Requires Hepatitis B as helper cell in order to replicate
Genus: Deltavirus
Mode of transmission: Parenteral ● mostly are IV drug users
➕animal reservoir (chimpanzee and pigs)
Fulminant hepatitis is 10x more common Increased chance of developing liver cancer
Treatment: Supportive therapy |
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Hepatitis B |
Family: Hepadnaviridae
Linked to hepatocellular carcinoma
Population at risk: 1. Born to infected mothers 2. Sex partners of infected partners 3. Men who have sex with men 4. IV drug users 5. Health care workers 6. Hemodialysis patients
Incubation period: 90 days
Acute hepatitis ● 35% symptomatic, 65% subclinical ● 0.05% ~ 0.1% develops into fulminant hepatitis
Chronic hepatitis ● HbSAg longer than 6 months ● the younger the child, the higher the risk for Chronicity
1~9 weeks required to have a ➕blood HbSag
Parts: ● HbSAg: outer envelope ● HbCAg: core antigen (detectable at liver only) ● HbEAg: indicator of more severe disease |
