Microbiology: Haemophilus, Mycoplasmas, & Candida: Block Ii

Front 1

Frequent normal flora of nasopharnyx (particularly in children), diseases include otitis media, cellulitis, epiglottitis, chronic bronchitis, pneumonia, bacteremia, and meningitis

Back 1

H. Influenzae

Front 2

Normal flora of the mouth and nasopharnyx, less common cause of infection, park of the HACEK group, causes endocarditis

Back 2

H. Parainfluenzae

Front 3

Normal flora of the upper respiratory tract, gram negative diplococci, third most common cause of otitis media in children, common cause of chronic bronchitis (adults), rare pneumonia. Similar to H influenzae and easily confused with it.

Back 3

Moraxella Catarrhalis

Front 4

Members of this group are tiny gram negative coccobacilli that are a major part of the normal flora of the mouth. It is one of the 3 leading causes of bacterial meningitis. Has a conjugate vaccine.

Back 4

Haemophilus

Front 5

Needs special media containing blood derived products hemin (X) and NAD (V).

Back 5

H. Influenzae

Front 6

What is the major virulance factor of H. Influenzae?

Back 6

Capsule : Antiphagocytic

Front 7

Type B is the most virulent form of this disease and has many less virulent non-typeable strains that are not encapsulated

Back 7

H. Influenzae

Front 8

How is H. Influenzae trasnsmitted?

Back 8

Person to Person via inhalation of airborne droplets, and shared secretions.

Front 9

H. Influenzae causing meningitis and other invasive disease is most common in children of what age? Why?

Back 9

6 months to 2 years - deficient in anti-capsule antibody

Front 10

What are the 4 surface infections caused by H. Influenzae (primarily non-typable)

Back 10

1. Otitis Media
2. Sinusitis
3. Conjunctivitis
4. Chronic Bronchitis, pneumonia

Front 11

H. Influenzae (B type) causes what three local invasive infections (usually in younger kids)?

Back 11

1. Epiglottitis
2. Cellulitis
3. Pneumonia

Front 12

H. Influenzae B type strain causes which two invasie infections with systemic spread in children 6mo-2 y/o?

Back 12

1. Septicemia
2. Meningitis

Front 13

This disease has a vaccine made from purified capsular polysaccharide conjugated to protein. It is on a three dose schedule at 2, 4, and 6 months.

Back 13

H. Influenzae Hib Vaccine

Front 14

How is H. Influenzae diagnosed?

Back 14

Direct examination of CSF and Culture from blood, CSF, etc. on chocolate agar.

Front 16

What is the most serious infection caused by encapsulated H. Influenzae?

Back 16

Meningitis

Front 17

These are the smallest prokaryotes capable of self-replication, have no cell wall, and cause respiratory and genital tract infections.

Back 17

Mycoplasmas

Front 18

Mycoplamsma that causes pharyngitis, bronchitis, and primary atypical pneumonia:

Back 18

Mycoplasma Pneumoniae

Front 19

This bacteria cell membrane contains cholesterol, has slow growth with fried egg colonies, and lacks a cell membrane:

Back 19

Mycoplasma

Front 20

This bacteria has P1 protein for adherence to respirtatory epithelial cells and no cell wall.

Back 20

M. Pneumoniae

Front 21

Found in the URT without disease but usually considered a pathogen, transmitted person to person via respiratory droplets, primarily seen in school age children and young adults and community acquired - not nosocomial.

Back 21

Mycoplasma Pneumoniae

Front 22

Disease has gradual onset with 2-3 weeks of pharyngitis, non-productive cough, scanty sputum, moderate fever, chills, and headache. Adheres to epithelial cells using P1 protein:

Back 22

Mycoplasma Pneumoniae

Front 23

Causes tracheobronchitis, ear pain, and mild pneumonia (atypical).

Back 23

M. Pneumoniae

Front 24

Causes cold agglutinins.

Back 24

M. Pneumoniae

Front 25

This disease has no vaccine and no cell wall so cell wall antibiotics cannot be used. Which antibiotic does work?

Back 25

M. Pneumoniae - treated with Erythromycin or newer macrolides.

Front 26

These are common normal vaginal flora, and in the urethra of sexually active men. They cause opportunistic infections including PID and can be sexually transmitted:

Back 26

Urogenital Mycoplasmas

Front 27

Bacteria that lack a peptidoglycan cell wall and have a membrane packed with cholesterols and cell wall antibiotics are ineffective

Back 27

Mycoplasms

Front 28

Causes mild, self limited bronchitis and pneumonia, typically in teenagers and young adults

Back 28

Mycoplasma Pneumoniae

Front 29

Causes walking pneumonia after a 2-3 week incubation period and attaches to respiratory epithelial cells with protein P1

Back 29

Mycoplasma Pneumoniae

Front 30

Patients with this disease can develop monoclonal IgM directed at RBCs and causes them to agglutinate:

Back 30

M. Pneumoniae

Front 31

Is a species of fungi that is a regular part of the human normal flora and causes opportunistic disease in immuno compromised patients:

Back 31

Candida

Front 32

Is the most common species of candida and accounts for 70-80% of invasive candidiasis

Back 32

C. Albicans

Front 33

Dimorphic: forms both yeast and hyphal forms in response to temperature and nutrient changes

Back 33

Candida

Front 34

Forms yeast with psuedo-hyphae, hyphae, and germ tube formation.

Back 34

Candida

Front 35

Found on the skin (moist areas) intestinal tract, O-P, and vagina.

Back 35

Candida

Front 36

How does candida infect people?

Back 36

Disease is most often initiated from the normal flora that become more invasive with decreases in host resistance. It may occasionally be acquired from exogenous sources (catheters) or person to person.

Front 37

Causes thrush, normally seen in babies or patients with AIDS

Back 37

Candida

Front 38

Curd-like white patches on the inner cheeks, gums, palate and tongue which are easily removed.

Back 38

Thrush

Front 39

How is candida treated?

Back 39

Susceptible to most antifungals - fluconazole is current drug of choice. No vaccine.

Front 40

Most common cause of clinically important fungal infections

Back 40

Candida

Front 41

This kind of candida is resistant to azoles and amphoB:

Back 41

C. Glabrata

Front 42

Has combination of yeast cells and hyphae. The hyphae make it more virulent:

Back 42

Candida

Front 43

This is caused by candida and is associated with neutropenia, AIDS, diabetes, etc., is common in first year of life and causes white curd like growth

Back 43

Thrush

Front 44

Causes urogenital problems like vulvovaginitis, balanitis, and cystitis.

Back 44

Candida

Front 45

Can cause gastrointestinal problems and is associated with neoplastic disease of the GI tract

Back 45

Candida

Front 46

4th most common positive blood culture, fever with occasional septic shock, can spread to anywhere in the body and causes sepsis:

Back 46

Candida

Front 47

How is candida diagnosed?

Back 47

Can often be seen on microscopy, growth in culture is the gold standard but is slow.