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497 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
what is a G+ ovoid organims that is more resistant than streptococci?
|
enterococcus faecalis
|
|
|
what is an important secondary invader as a cause of human disease?
|
enterococcus faecalis
|
|
|
what is the first, second, and third most common cause of nocosomial infections?
|
1-E. Coli
2-Staphylococcus 3-Enterococcus |
|
|
what are the 5 clinical manifestation for Enterococcus?
|
nocosomial infection
UTI endocarditis bacteremia neontal infections |
|
|
what bacteria is distinguished from streptococci with a positive bile-esculin test?
|
enterococcus faecalis
|
|
|
T/F lactobacillus infections are caused by exogenous organisms
|
false
-endogenous |
|
|
which bacterial produces lactic acid from sucrose?
|
lactobacillus
|
|
|
what is the optimal pH for lactobacillus?
|
3.5-4.5
|
|
|
what bacteria can be found in the mouth, stomach, and female genital tract?
|
lactobacillus
|
|
|
what bacteria appears to be important in smooth surface caries?
|
lactobacillus
|
|
|
what bacteria is important in caries that have progressed into the dentin of the tooth?
|
lactobacillus
|
|
|
what bacteria can be used as an indicator organism for risk assessment for the development of dental caries?
|
lactobacillus
|
|
|
what are the most common sites of colonization for corynebacteria?
|
skin and nasopharynx
|
|
|
which toxin prevents protein synthesis and kills affected cells?
|
diptheria
|
|
|
which infection has pseudomembrane formation?
|
corynebacterium diphtheriae
|
|
|
what is the route of transmission for corynbacteria diphtheriae?
|
droplets
|
|
|
what vaccine is a modified toxin (toxoid)?
|
diptheria
|
|
|
which G+ bacteria has "whip handle" morphology?
|
Corynebacterium matruchotii
|
|
|
which bacteria is isolated from dental plaque and comprises the central filament of "corn cob formations"?
|
Corynebacterium matruchotii
|
|
|
what bacteria does C. matruchotii bind to at the salivary interface of supragingival plaque?
|
S. sanguis
|
|
|
which bacteria are anaerobic diphtheroids?
|
propionibacterium
|
|
|
which bacteria are G+ diptheroid (club shaped)?
|
propionibacterium
|
|
|
proprionibacterium produce _____ as a major by-product of carbohydrate metabolism.
|
propionic acid
|
|
|
what are some of the virulence factors for propionibacterium?
|
*lipase
protease neuraminidase hyaluronidase |
|
|
which bacteria's virulence factor stimulate an inflammatory reaction in humans?
|
propionibacterium
|
|
|
what is a member of the climax community, and is an early colonizer?
|
propionibacterium
|
|
|
which bacteria attaches to streptococcus gordonii and fusobacterium nucleatum?
|
propionibacterium
|
|
|
which bacteria is involved in root caries and acne?
|
propionibacterium acnes
|
|
|
what G+ bacteria has airborne tranmission?
|
mycobacteria
|
|
|
which bacteria is acid fast?
|
mycobacteria
|
|
|
T/F mycobacteria are closer to G- than G+
|
false
-more similar to G+ |
|
|
what are the major pathogens for mycobacteria?
|
M. tuberculosis
M. leprae M. avium-intracellualare complex (MAC) |
|
|
which bacteria may show filamentous and/or club shape?
|
M. tuberculosis
|
|
|
for mycobacteria what is responsible for the acid fastness?
|
mycolic acids
|
|
|
what causes the bacterium to grow in filaments?
|
cord factor
|
|
|
which bacteria has a long generation time (8-10 days)?
|
M. tuberculosis
|
|
|
what are the 3 routes of entry for M. tuberculosis?
|
respiratory, ingestion, cutaneous
|
|
|
what is the most common form of M. tuberculosis and accounts for 90% of deaths?
|
pulmonary form
|
|
|
what is the walled off lesion that occurs with M. tuberculosis?
|
tubercle
|
|
|
what are the symptoms of M. tuberculosis?
|
fatigue, anorexia, weight loss, low grade fever that persists for months
|
|
|
T/F M. tuberculosis transmission is primary airborne
|
true
|
|
|
which bacteria have a low infectious dose with less than 10 organisms?
|
M. tuberculosis
|
|
|
which skin test uses purified protein derivative (PPD) and a positive test is redness, swelling, and hardening?
|
M. tuberculosis
|
|
|
what are two types of tuberculin testing?
|
tuberculin skin test
interferon gamma release assay |
|
|
what is the gold standard for M tuberculosis diagnosis?
|
culture
|
|
|
what are 4 diagnostic test you can use for M. tuberculosis?
|
AFB smear
microscope PCR DNA probe |
|
|
what are the four human pathogens in Actinomyces?
|
A. israelii
A. naeslundii A. viscosus A. odontolyticus |
|
|
which bacteria has sulfur granules and mycelial-like structures?
|
Actinomyces
|
|
|
T/F actinomyces is a degenerative disease
|
true
|
|
|
T/F actinomyces produces many toxins
|
false
-it produces no toxins |
|
|
what is the cell mediated response that produces tubercle like lesions?
|
granulomatous response
|
|
|
what bacteria will you see granules and look for G+ nonacid fast diphtheriods?
|
Actinomyces
|
|
|
what is the treatment for Actinomyces infection?
|
drainage
surgical excision penicillin * |
|
|
what bacteria has been isolated from human plaque, calculus, and tonsillar crypts?
|
actinomyces israelii
|
|
|
what is the most common associated bacteria with human actinomycosis?
|
A. israelii
|
|
|
is A israelii an early or late colonizer?
|
early
|
|
|
which bacteria is found in dental plaque but a specific relationship to disease has not been established?
|
A. odontolyticus
|
|
|
which bacteria colonizes the tongue and has fibrils?
|
A. naeslundii
|
|
|
the type 1 fibrils attach to?
|
salivary pellicle
|
|
|
the type 2 fibrils adheres to?
|
mucosal surface
oral streptococci |
|
|
what is the ligand that is revealed by removing sialic acid by neurominidase?
|
galactosides
|
|
|
what is the enzyme that cleaves sialic acid?
|
neurominidase
|
|
|
neurominidase cleaves?
|
sialic acid
|
|
|
what bacteria has neurominidase enzyme?
|
A. naeslundii
|
|
|
which bacteria colonizes teeth and causes human gingivitis but NOT chronic periodontitis?
|
A. viscosus
|
|
|
what 2 bacteria have typ e 1 and type 2 fibrils?
|
A. naeuslundii
A. viscosus |
|
|
which G+, partially acid fast bacteria that occurs in soil?
|
Nocardia (actinomyces)
|
|
|
what G+ bacteria is isolated from dental plaque from deep dental carious lesions(3rd degree dental caries)?
|
Bifidobacterium (actinomyces)
|
|
|
what g+ bacteria occurs in root surface plaque and is associated with endocarditis?
|
rothia dentocariosa
|
|
|
what type of bacteria form spores?
|
Clostridia
|
|
|
what members of the group cause severe infection of muscle tissue?
|
Clostridia
|
|
|
what infection requires lowered oxidation reduction potentials?
|
Clostridia
|
|
|
what bacteria occurs in muscle damage and impaired blood supply?
|
Clostridium perfringens
|
|
|
what are the 3 clinical manifestations for Clostridium perfringens?
|
superficial contamination
clostridial cellulitis gas gangrene |
|
|
what is associated with toxemia, extensive local edema, foul smelling exudate, gas, and massive tissue damage?
|
gas gangrene
|
|
|
what is the essential factor predisposing to wound infection with C. perfringens?
|
trauma
|
|
|
what 3 diagnostic tests to use for C. perfringens?
|
gram stain
culture Naegler test |
|
|
which bacteria can infect once other anaerobic flora is eliminated allowing overgrowth?
|
C. difficile
|
|
|
what bacteria has a high mortality rate (27-44%) if untreated?
|
C. difficile
|
|
|
which bacteria can cause diarrhea, colitis, or pseudomembrane colitis?
|
C. difficile
|
|
|
which bacteria has the neurotoxin(tetanospasmin)?
|
C. tetani
|
|
|
which bacteria is non invasive and remains confined to necrotic tissue, symptoms occur when toxin diffuses into bloodstream?
|
C. tetani
|
|
|
which bacteria blocks release of neurotransmitters like glycine?
|
C. tetani
|
|
|
which bacteria has a toxin that prevents contraction of antagonistic muscle, results in spasms and convulsions?
|
Clostridium tetani
|
|
|
what are the initial signs of Clostridium tetani?
|
muscle stiffness
lockjaw |
|
|
T/F immunization for C. tetani is with a toxoid
|
true
|
|
|
what is one of the most potent poisons known?
|
neurotoxin A
|
|
|
what bacteria produces neurotoxin A?
|
C. botulinum
|
|
|
what bacteria can interfere with the release of acetycholine?
|
C. botulinum
|
|
|
T/F muscle spasms are a result of Clostridium botulinum
|
False
-flaccid muscle paralysis |
|
|
T/F food borne botulism is usually a result of inadequate sterilization of home canned foods
|
true
|
|
|
what is a g+, obligate anaerobe associated with aggressive and chronic periodontitis?
|
Eubacterium
|
|
|
what bacteria can cause intrabdominal anerobic infections?
|
Bacteroides fragilis
|
|
|
which bacteria is NOT a black pigmenting bacteria that is the most resistant of all anaerobes to antimicrobial agents?
|
Bacteriodes fragilis
|
|
|
what are the virulence factors for Bacteriodes fragilis?
|
neuraminidase,
hyaluronidase deozyribonucleases heparinase |
|
|
which G- bacteria is associated with aggressive periodontitis and abscesses of the periodontium?
|
Tannerella forsythensis
|
|
|
which bacteria have been found in subgingival and supragingival biofilms and serve as reservoirs for recolonization?
|
Tannerella forsythensis
|
|
|
what is a g- bacteria that can cause rapidly progressive periodontitis?
|
porphyromonas gingivalis
|
|
|
which G- is associated with chronic and agressive periodontitis and periodontal abscess, highest numbers occur in the gingival crevice?
|
P. gingivalis
|
|
|
what are the virulence factors for P. gingivalis?
|
endotoxin** most important
capsule fimbriae collagenase hyaluronidase |
|
|
what G- bacteria is a late colonizer that interacts with fusobacterium nucleatum and treponema?
|
P. gingivalis
|
|
|
what bacteria is most commonly associated with endodontic lesions and has the ability to degrade collagen and has proteolytic activity?
|
Porphyromonas endodontalis
|
|
|
which bacteria is associated with mod-severe gingivitis, necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis, chronic periodontitis, and periodontal abscess?
|
Prevotella intermedia
|
|
|
T/F Prevotella intermedia does not have an endotoxin
|
false
|
|
|
is prevotella intermedia an early or late colonizer?
|
late
|
|
|
which G- bacteria is an early colonizer that interacts with S. oralis, S sanguis, and A israelli?
|
Prevotella loescheii
|
|
|
what are two important virulence factors for Fusobacterium nucleatum?
|
endotoxin
succinic acid (inhibits phagocytosis) |
|
|
what bacteria causes Vincents angina as mixed infection with spirochetes?
|
fusobacterium nucleatum
|
|
|
what is a big anchor that attaches to both early and late colonizers?
|
Fusobacterium nucleatum
|
|
|
which virulence factor can inhibit phagocytosis?
|
succinic acid (fusobacterium)
|
|
|
what are the bacteria that cause chronic adult periodontisis?
|
poryphoromas gingivalis
fusiform nucleatum prevotella intermedia aggregitobacter campylobacter rectus tannerella forsythensis capnocytophaga treponema |
|
|
which bacteria can colonize the nose of health individuals?
|
Neisseria meningitis
|
|
|
what bacteria is responsible for vascular damage and circulatory collapse?
|
Neisseria meningitis
|
|
|
what are the 3 main symptoms for Neisseria meningtidis?
|
headache
stiff neck fever |
|
|
which G- bacteria is spread by droplet infection and is usually spread among college students?
|
Neisseria meningitis
|
|
|
which bacteria can you use blood, CS fluid, or skin lesions to diagnose?
|
Neisseria meningitis
|
|
|
which bacteria infects the genitourinary tract and pharynx?
|
N. gonorrhea
|
|
|
what bacteria can cause yellow purulent urethral discharge?
|
N. gonorrhea
|
|
|
which bacteria has an incubation time of 2-8 days and 20-80% of females are asymptomatic?
|
N. gonorrhea
|
|
|
what are the major complications of N. gonorrhea?
|
salpingitis
PID |
|
|
what bacteria can be transmitted through an infected birth canal and cause ophthalmia neonatorum?
|
N. gonorrhea
|
|
|
what is the 1st and 2nd most common bacterial venereal disease?
|
1-Chlamydia
2-Gonorrhea |
|
|
T/F humans and water are the only reservoirs for gonorrhea
|
false
-humans are the only reservoirs |
|
|
what is an early colonizer that attaches to S oralis, S sanguis, A. naeslundii, and Fusobacterium
|
Veillonella
|
|
|
what is considered a benevolent bacteria in relation to dental caries?
|
Veillonella
|
|
|
What bacteria metabolize lactic acid into weaker acids like acetic acid and propionic?
|
Veillonella atypica
|
|
|
what G- bacteria is associated with aggressive and chronic periodontitis and subacute endocarditis ?
|
Aggregatibacter
|
|
|
what bacteria has leukocidin, resistance to complement mediated killing, endotoxin, collagenase?
|
Aggregatibacter
|
|
|
what bacteria is found at the apical front of subgingival deposit and penetrate underlying soft tissue?
|
Aggregatibacter
|
|
|
what bacteria is associated with human bite wounds or fist fight injuries?
|
Eikenella
|
|
|
what bacteria grows under capnophilic conditions and occurs in chronic marginal gingivitis?
|
Capnocytophaga
|
|
|
what group of bacteria all occur as normal flora of the intestinal tract?
|
Enterobacteriaceae
|
|
|
what group is responsible for 40% of all nocosomial infections?
|
Enterobacteriaceae
|
|
|
what is the most common cause of urethrocystitis, chronic bacterial prostatitis, acute pyelonephritis, diarrheal disease?
|
E. Coli
|
|
|
what is the most common cause of kidney stones?
|
Proteus
|
|
|
what is the cause of typhoid fever?
|
S. typhimurium
|
|
|
what is one of the most common bacterial diseases in the US caused by contaminated beef, eggs, chicken?
|
Salmonellosis enterica
|
|
|
what is a vibio like G- bacteria that is the #1 cause for diarrhea?
|
Campylobacter jejuni
|
|
|
what is a curved G- bacteria that is associated with subgingival dental plaque and aggressive periodontitis?
|
Wolinella
|
|
|
which group of bacteria have endoflagella?
|
spirochetes
|
|
|
what type of microscopy is needed to observe spirochetes?
|
dark field
phase contrast |
|
|
which bacteria is associated with fusiform necleatum in cases of NUG and Vincents angina?
|
Treponema vincentii
|
|
|
what do Treponema bacteria use for motility to invade periodontal tissue?
|
endoflagella
|
|
|
what is the etiologic agent of syphilis?
|
Treponema pallidum
|
|
|
which bacteria cannot be grown on lab media but can be grown on rabbit epithelial cells?
|
Treponema pallidum
|
|
|
in what stage of syphilis do you get a chancre?
|
primary
|
|
|
T/F the second stage of syphilis involves skin rash
|
true
|
|
|
what is characteristic of the tertiary stage of syphilis?
|
gummas
|
|
|
what is the route of transmission for syphilis?
|
sexual transmission
|
|
|
wasserman antibodies can be used as a seriological test?
|
Treponema
|
|
|
what bacterial causes legionnaires disease?
|
Legionella pneumophila
|
|
|
which bacteria has airborne transmission and can be found in air conditioning systems and water systems?
|
Legionella
|
|
|
what bacteria can be spread to dental personnel from high speed handpiece generated aeurosols?
|
Legionella
|
|
|
which bacteria are mostly saprophytes in soil and water?
|
pseudomonas
|
|
|
which bacteria has pyocyanin and pyoverdin(green fluorescent pigment)?
|
pseudomonas aeruginosa
|
|
|
which bacteria is observed in cases of open root canals?
|
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
|
|
|
which bacteria can cause swimmers ear, folliculitis(from hot tubs), and ecthyma grangrenosum?
|
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
|
|
|
which bacteria is an obligate intracellular parasite?
|
Chlamydia trachomats
|
|
|
which bacteria causes trachoma, inclusion conjuncitivitis, and genital and rectal infections?
|
Chlamydia
|
|
|
Chlamydia often occurs as a dual infection with?
|
Gonorrhea
|
|
|
what is the most common sexually transmitted disease?
|
Chlamydia
|
|
|
which bacteria lacks a true cell wall?
|
Mycoplasma
|
|
|
what are 2 obligate intracellular bacteria that are commonly transmitted by insects?
|
Rickettsia
Coxiella |
|
|
what are all of the late colonizers?(7)
|
Capnocytophaga sputigena
Aggregatibacter Prevotella intermedia Selenomonas flueggei Porphyromonas gingivalis Eubacterium Treponema denticola |
|
|
What are all the early colonizers?(13)
|
Caphocytophaga ochracea
C.gingivalis Actinomyces israeli Propionibacterium acnes Prevotella loeschii P.denticola S. gordonii Haemophilus parainfluenza Actinomyces naeslundii Veillonella atypica Eikenella corrodens S oralis S mitis |
|
|
which bacteria has its highest incidence in the US among unimmunized children less than 10 ?
|
Corynebacterium diptheriae
|
|
|
which bacteria has been used to study bacterial calcification and calculus formation?
|
Cor. matruchotti
|
|
|
what are the most common anaerobic contaminants of blood cultures?
|
Propionbacterium
|
|
|
which bacteria requires boiling in an acid alcohol solution with a red dye in order to stain?
|
Mycobacteria
|
|
|
what are the pulmonary signs of tuberculosis?
|
progressive cough and mucoid sputum
|
|
|
T/F primary TB shows extensive infiltration in the upper lungs and bronchi
|
false
-primary: fine areas of infiltration and enlarged lymph nodes -secondary: extensive infiltration in the upper lungs and bronchii |
|
|
microscope, PCR, DNA probe, and AFB smear can be used to diagnose which bacteria?
|
M. tuberculosis
|
|
|
which bacteria do you need to take antibiotics for prolonged periods (18-24 months)?
|
M. tuberculosis
|
|
|
T/F the tuberculosis vaccine is a capsular polysaccharide
|
false
-live attenuated |
|
|
which organisms are contained in granulomatous lesions and within granules in sinus channels?
|
Actinomyces
|
|
|
which bacteria has a higher infection rate in males and is usually caused by direct introduction into injured tissues?
|
Actinomyces
|
|
|
T//F actinomyces are early colonizers
|
true
|
|
|
which bacteria is found in dental plaque but a specific relationship to disease has not been established?
|
Actinomyces odontolyticus
|
|
|
which bacteria colonize the oral cavity PRIOR to tooth eruption?
|
A. naeslundii
|
|
|
which bacteria does NOT colonize prior to tooth eruption?
|
A. viscosus
|
|
|
which bacteria is commonly found in soil and can cause pneumonia in compromised individuals?
|
Nocardia
|
|
|
which bacteria is a G+ pleomorph isolated on root surface and associated with root caries and endocarditis?
|
Rothia dentocariosa
|
|
|
the group Clostrida can cause what 4 diseases?
|
tissue infections
food poisoning tetanus botulism |
|
|
edema fluid, gas accumulation and increased pressure leading to decrease in circulation promotes the spread of what bacteria?
|
Clostridium perfringens
|
|
|
Match the correct answers:
1. infection of only necrotic tissue 2. invasive infection, foul smelling, massive tissue damage 3. infect tissue that is already dead (remains localized) A. gas gangrene B. clostridia cellulitis C. superficial contamination |
1. C
2. A 3. B |
|
|
the essential factor predisposing you this bacteria is trauma (deep lacerated or crush wound of muscle)?
|
Clostridium perfringens
|
|
|
what is the treatment for gas gangrene (C. perfringens)?
|
-remove infected tissue
-hyperbaric oxygen |
|
|
which bacteria can cause pseudomembrane colitis?
|
C. difficile
|
|
|
what are the risk factors for C. difficile?
|
antibiotic exposure
impaired intestinal motility older age females |
|
|
the classic initial signs of infection by this bacteria is muscle stiffness and lockjaw?
|
Clostridium tetani
|
|
|
which bacterias's toxin is ingested and incubates for 24-36 hours?
|
C.botulism
|
|
|
for which bacteria could you look for toxin in feces, serum, vomit,or food samples?
|
C. botulism
|
|
|
what are the 3 black pigmenting bacteria?
|
Tannerella
Porphyromonas Prevotella |
|
|
what are all the G+ bacteria groups for this section?(8)
|
1. enterococcus
2. lactobacillus 3 .corynebacteria 4. propionbacterium 5. Mycobacteria 6. Actinomyces 7. Clostridia 8. Eubacterium |
|
|
infection by which bacteria is usually a result of fecal material spilled into peritoneal cavity during surgery cancer etc?
|
Bacteriodes fragilis
|
|
|
what is the most resistant of all anaerobes to antimicrobial agents?
|
Bacteroides fragilis
|
|
|
which bacteria is strongly associated with peridontal disease and can cause active tissue and bone destruction?
|
Tannerella forsythensis
|
|
|
which 2 bacteria are found in subgingival and supragingiva biofilms, tongue, and buccal mucosa and saliva?
|
Tannerella forsynthesis
P. gingivalis |
|
|
which bacteria can be reservoirs for recolonization of the gingival crevice after periodontal disease?
|
Tannerella forsynthesis
P. gingivalis |
|
|
which bacteria is a strict anaerobe that has the ability to degrade collagen and has proteolytic activity?
|
Porphyromonas endodontalis
|
|
|
which bacteria colonize the gingival sulcus and have been isolated from periodontal and gingivitis lesions?
|
Fusobacterium necleatum
|
|
|
which bacteria are divided into serotypes by their capsular polysaccharides?
|
Neisseria meningitidis
|
|
|
which bacteria when graim stained will show many PMNs with intracellular G- dipplococci with flattened sides?
|
N. gonorrhea
|
|
|
what are the 3 tests to diagnose N. gonorrhea?
|
gram stain
ELISA genetic probe(test of choice) |
|
|
which bacteria grows on the selective media typtone soy serum bacitracin vancomycin agar?
|
Aggregatibacter
|
|
|
which bacteria is responsible for 40% of neonatal meningitis?
|
E. coli
|
|
|
What Enterobacteriaceae are the most frequent causes of UTI?
|
Proteus
Klebsiella Enterobacter |
|
|
what are the clinical manifestations for salmonella?
|
enteritis
diarrhea |
|
|
which campylobacter has been associated with gingivitis and localized agressive and chronic periodontitis?
|
C. rectus
|
|
|
T/F oral spirochetes often occur in gingival margin and in subgingival plaque
|
true
|
|
|
which disease are 50-70% of infections in women clinically silent?
|
chlamydia
|
|
|
which bacteria have the lowest GC values?
|
Mycoplasma
|
|
|
which bacteria is transmitted by infectious droplet and the infectious dose is low (100 cfu)?
|
Mycoplasma
|
|
|
which bacteria is responsible for 40% of neonatal meningitis?
|
E. coli
|
|
|
What Enterobacteriaceae are the most frequent causes of UTI?
|
Proteus
Klebsiella Enterobacter |
|
|
what are the clinical manifestations for salmonella?
|
enteritis
diarrhea |
|
|
which campylobacter has been associated with gingivitis and localized agressive and chronic periodontitis?
|
C. rectus
|
|
|
T/F oral spirochetes often occur in gingival margin and in subgingival plaque
|
true
|
|
|
which disease are 50-70% of infections in women clinically silent?
|
chlamydia
|
|
|
which bacteria have the lowest GC values?
|
Mycoplasma
|
|
|
which bacteria is transmitted by infectious droplet and the infectious dose is low (100 cfu)?
|
Mycoplasma
|
|
|
what is the most common place for infectious agents to gain access into the body?
|
respiratory tract
|
|
|
what is the normal biota of the upper respiratory tract?
|
Strep pyogenes
Haemophilus influenza Strep pneumonia N. meningitidis Staph aureus |
|
|
what is the causative agent of acute otitis media (ear infection)?
|
Strep pneumonia
Haemophilus influenza |
|
|
what is the causative agent of pharyngitis?
|
Strep pyogenes
|
|
|
what is the halmark for C. diptheria?
|
pseudomembrane
|
|
|
what is the vaccine for diptheria?
|
DTaP vaccine
|
|
|
what is caused by Bordtella pertussis and is most serious in infants?
|
Whooping cough
|
|
|
inadequate nutrition, lung damage, poor access to medical care, and lowered immune system are risk factors for?
|
M. tuberculosis
|
|
|
what are the 3 different types of pneumonia?
|
Strep pneumonia
Legionella pneumonia Mycoplasma pneumonia |
|
|
what is the normal biota for the cardiovascular and lymphatic systems?
|
NONE
-closed system with no bacteria |
|
|
what is the causative agent for Anthrax?
|
Bacillus anthracis
|
|
|
what is the normal biota for the nervous symstem?
|
no normal biota
|
|
|
what is inflammation of the menginges?
|
meningitis
|
|
|
which bacteria has petechiae, attaches to the nasopharynx and is detected via CSF gram stain?
|
N. meningitidis
|
|
|
what is the most frequent cause of neonatal meningitidis, and is transmitted by the mother during passage through the birth canal?
|
Streptococcus agalactiae
|
|
|
T/F accessory organs of GI tract are full of bacteria
|
false
-no bacteria |
|
|
what is a sharp or burning pain emanating from the abdomen and what bacteria causes it?
|
-gastritis
-Helicobacter pylori |
|
|
which bacteria produces shiga toxin and can cause hemolytic uremic syndrome?
|
E coli
|
|
|
what is the most common bacteria cause of diarrhea in the US?
|
Campylobacter jejuni
|
|
|
what is the cause of pseudomembranous colitis?
|
Clostridium difficile
|
|
|
what causes rice water stools by an A-B enterotoxin?
|
Vibrio cholera
|
|
|
what are the 3 food poisonings caused by preformed toxin?
|
Staph aureus
Bacillus cereus *fried rice C. perfringens |
|
|
the vagina has normal biota but above the ___ there is no bacteria?
|
cervix
|
|
|
which bacterial species is involved in lowering the pH of the vagina?
|
Lactobacillus
|
|
|
what are 3 signs/symptoms of gonorrhea?
|
urethitis
salpingitis pelvic inflammatory disease |
|
|
what are the 2 diphtheriods in the skin?
|
Corynebacterium
Propionbacterium acnes |
|
|
what is caused by microbial digestion of excess sebum and what bacteria is the causative agent?
|
acne-proprionbacterium acnes
|
|
|
what are the causative agents of impetigo?
|
S. aureus
Step pyogenes |
|
|
what is a fast spreading infection of the dermis and subcutaneous tissue and what causes it?
|
cellulitis
-staph aureus -strep pyogenes |
|
|
gas gangrene is most often caused by?
|
C. perfringens
|
|
|
what are all the cariogenic bacteria?
|
-Lactobacillus
-Actinomyces naeslundii -Streptococcus mutans -Streptococcus sobrinus |
|
|
what are all the bacteria that cause root caries?
|
Lactobacillus
Actinomyces naeslundii -Streptococcus mutans (**causes initial lesion) Rothia Bifidobacterium Proprionibacterium |
|
|
all of the bacteria that cause chronic adult periodontitis?
|
-Aggregatibacter
-Capnocytophaga -Porphyromonas gingivalis -Fusobacterium nucleatum -Tanerella -Campylobacter rectus -Treponema -Prevotella intermedia |
|
|
what are all the bacteria that cause NUG?
|
-Fusobacterium nucleatum
-Treponema vincentii -Prevotella intermedia |
|
|
what are all the bacteria that can cause dentoaveloar abscess?
|
Fusobacterium nucleatum
P. gingivalis Prevotella intermedia |
|
|
causes of Ludwigs angina?
|
P gingivalis
Prevotella intermedia |
|
|
T/F Prevotella intermedia is involved in all periodontal and dentoalveolar disases EXCEPT aggressive periodontitis
|
true
|
|
|
what bacteria are the pioneers for plaque?
|
Strep gordonii, oralis, mitis and sanguis
|
|
|
what are all the causes of aggressive periodontitis?
|
Aggregatibacter
Capnocytophaga Porphyromonas gingivalis Fusobacterium nucleatum Eikenella corrodens Wolinella recta |
|
|
what are the bacteria in the stomach?
|
Lactobacillus
Helicobacter |
|
|
what are the bacteria in the small intestine?
|
lactobacillus
bacteroides fusobacterium staph strep enterococcus |
|
|
what are the bacteria found in the colon?
|
bacteroides
bifidobacterium clostridium fusobacterium entercoccus enterobacteriaceae |
|
|
what bacteria is found in open root canals?
|
pseudomonas
|
|
|
Pits and fissures of occlusal surfaces are dominated by?
|
streptococci
|
|
|
histatins, statherins, lysozyme, proline rich protein, carbonic anhydrase, mucin 1 and 2, slgA are components of ?
|
saliva
|
|
|
what plays a primary role in the formation of the acquired pellicle and helps prevent acid attack of enamel?
|
glycoproteins (mucin)
|
|
|
what are the nonspecific defense factors of saliva?
|
lysozyme, lactoferrin, and histatins
|
|
|
what is a serum like fluid that flows through the junctional epithelium of the gingivae?
|
gingival crevice fluid
|
|
|
what is the mean pH for saliva?
|
6.75-7.25
|
|
|
T/F the persistence and diversity of the resident oral microflora is due to the diet rather than the endogenous nutrients provided by the host
|
false
-the opposite is true |
|
|
what is in toothpaste that gets incoportated into the enamel and has lasting effects?
|
fluoride
|
|
|
what is one of the active agents in mouthwash?
|
chlorohexidine
|
|
|
what are the 5 host defenses against oral bacteria?
|
-physical removal by saliva
-lysozymes hydrolyze peptidoglycan -lactoferrin sequesters iron -sialoperoxidase inhibts glycolysis -histatins are bacteriostatic/bacteriocidal |
|
|
what is the establishment of a resident oral microflora derived from mom and caregivers?
|
acquisition
|
|
|
the first colonizers of the mouth are the ____ microbial community?
|
pioneer
|
|
|
what is the predominant organism in the mouth?
|
streptococci
|
|
|
what is the increase in the number of anaerobes due to the aerobic and faculative pioneers lowering the redox potential?
|
autogenic succession
|
|
|
the bacterial components which function in adherence are ___ and the host derived factors are ___
|
adhesins
ligands |
|
|
what bacteria use the galactosyl ligand?
|
Actinomyces naeslundii
Fusobacterium nucleatum Prevotella intermedia |
|
|
what is a stable situation with a high species diversity (oral microflora)?
|
climax community
|
|
|
collagen fibers act as receptors for?
|
Porphyromonas gingivalis
|
|
|
what are 3 bacterial adhesins?
|
fimbriae
fibrils surface active compounds |
|
|
T/F Brauns lipoprotein is linked to peptide glycan
|
TRUE
|
|
|
what are the human infections caused by biofilms?
|
endocarditis, otitis media, prostatitis, cystic fibrosis, periodontitis, dental caries
|
|
|
what is cell to cell communication where bacterial population density determines the expression of specific genes?
|
quorum sensing
|
|
|
what is the model for biofilm development?
|
Pseduomonas aeruginosa
|
|
|
major pathogens in dental equipment are?
|
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
legionella pneumophila (obligate intracellular parasite for eukaryotes) mycobacteria acanthamoeba (protozoan) |
|
|
how many bacterial species does dental plaque contain?
|
500
|
|
|
plaque that becomes calcified is called?
|
tartar
|
|
|
what are the pioneer species for enamel surfaces?
|
strep
actinomyces naeslundii A. israelii Capnocytophagg gingivalis |
|
|
what are the colonizers of root surfaces?
|
streptococci
Propionbacterium Rothia dentocariosa |
|
|
what stage of biofilm development involves bacterial adhesins and cryptitopes?
|
stage 3
|
|
|
which bacteria possess galactosyl binding lectins?
|
A. viscosus
F. nucleatum P. intermedia |
|
|
what stage has co-aggregation and formation of corn cob structures?
|
stage 4
|
|
|
what are some antagonistic microbial interactions in dental plaque?
|
bacteriocins
hydrogen peroxide organic acids low pH nutrient competition |
|
|
what is the localized destruction of the tissues of the tooth by bacterial action?
|
dental caries
|
|
|
what is one of the most common human diseases?
|
dental caries
|
|
|
caries of the enamel are common up to age ____
|
20
|
|
|
root surface caries are more common in _____
|
older adults
|
|
|
what theory proposes that only a limited number of bacterial specie are involved in oral disease?
|
specific plaque theory
|
|
|
what theory proposes that any microorganism can play a role in oral disease?
|
non specific plaque hypothesis
|
|
|
what are the cariogenic bacteria?
|
strep mutans
strep sobrinus actinomyces naeslundii lactobacillus |
|
|
what is the primary influence for human enamel caries?
|
GTF glucosyltransferase
|
|
|
what is the substrate for GTF and what does it synthesis?
|
substrate-sucrose
synthesis glucan |
|
|
T/F in loose glucan rich biofilms the sugar molecules penetrate deep and acid is formed near the surface of the tooth
|
true
|
|
|
root surface caries occur in what age group?
|
middle aged and older adults
|
|
|
what affect does pH have on fluoride saturation?
|
at low pH fluoride doesnt saturate as well
|
|
|
necrosis of the root canal and destruction around the apex of the root is a consequence of?
|
root surface caries
|
|
|
what is the critical pH for enamel demineralization?
|
5.5
|
|
|
what effects the gingiva, gingival attachement, periodontal ligament, cementum and supporting aveolar bone?
|
periodontal disease
|
|
|
what disease does the gingival crevice become a pocket, EH decreases and GCF increases?
|
periodontal disease
|
|
|
what bacteria may actively invade gingival tissues?
|
treponema
prevotella intermedia |
|
|
what bacteria can be distinguished from streptococci from a bile esculin test?
|
Entercoccus
|
|
|
what bacteria is part of the normal flora of the mouth, GI tract, and female genital tract?
|
Lactobacillus
|
|
|
Lactobacillus produces _____ from sucrose?
|
lactic acid
|
|
|
data indicates that the extent of dental caries could be correlated with the number of _____ and _____ present?
|
S. mutans
Lactobacillus |
|
|
penicillin with an aminoglycoside can be used to treat?
|
lactobacillus
|
|
|
what can be treated with benzoyl peroxide, eythromycin and clindamycin?
|
propionbacteria
|
|
|
what can be diagnosed with chest X ray and AFB test from sputum?
|
M. tuberculosis
|
|
|
what can be treated with isoniazid, rifampin and streptomycin?
|
M.tuberculosis
|
|
|
what can be treated by debridement of wound and large doses of antibiotics perhaps barbiturates or a curare like agent to control spasms?
|
C. tetani
|
|
|
what can be treated with excision of necrotic tissue and metronidazole and clindamycin?
|
C. perfringens
|
|
|
is P. gingivalis an early or late colonizer?
|
late
|
|
|
the major site of colonization for ____ is gingival sulcus, it has also been isolated from periodontal and gingivitis lesions and from upper respiratory tract.
|
Fusobacterium nucleatum
|
|
|
what virulence factor is responsible for vascular damage and circulatory collapse caused by meningitis?
|
LPS
|
|
|
what are the clinical manifestations of N. meningitidis?
|
fulminating meningococcemia
meningitis |
|
|
T/F meningitis is spread via droplet infection involving close contact
|
true
|
|
|
which bacteria reduces demineralization of enamel?
|
Veillonella atypica
|
|
|
what is G- bacillus that is capnophilic and is associated with localized aggressive and chronic periodontitis?
|
Eikenella
|
|
|
what is an opportunistic pathogen that has been associated with gingivitis, localized agressive periodontitis, and other systemic infections?
|
Capnocytophaga
|
|
|
what are the 3 oral spirochetes?
|
T. denticola
T. vincentii T.orale |
|
|
what is the treatment for treponema?
|
metronidazole
chlorhexidine penicillin |
|
|
what bacteria can be diagnosed by measuring wassermann antibodies?
|
treponema pallidum
|
|
|
what is the normal biota of respiratory tract?
|
strep pyogenes
strep pneumonia staph aureus haemophilus influenza N. meningitidis |
|
|
the signs of ____ include headache, painful or stiff neck, and fever (increased white blood cells in CS fluid)
|
Meningitis
|
|
|
what is the normal flora of the skin?
|
staph aureus, epidermitis
strep corynbacterium propionbacterium micrococcus |
|
|
the mouth is lined with what types of epithelium?
|
stratified squamous
|
|
|
what is the oral habit with keratinized and non keratinized stratified squamous epithelium?
|
buccal mucosa
|
|
|
T/F the gingiva, hard palate,and anterior dorsal aspect of the tongue have non keratinized cells
|
false
-keratinized |
|
|
the dorsum of the tongue has many or few bacteria?
|
many, highly colonized
|
|
|
what aspect of the tongue makes it highly colonized by anaerobic bacteria?
|
low redox potential
|
|
|
what is the only site in the body that has hard non shedding surface for microbial colonization?
|
teeth
|
|
|
the gingival crevice is bathed in ?
|
gingival crevice fluid
|
|
|
T/F areas between adjacent teeth and the gingival crevice offer no protection from the environment
|
false
-protect from adverse conditions |
|
|
T/F smooth surfaces are more exposed to environmental effects
|
true
|
|
|
what tooth surface is dominated by streptococci and have the highest incidence of caries?
|
pits and fissures of occlusal surface
|
|
|
what is a complex mixture of inorganic ions and proteins?
|
saliva
|
|
|
what component of saliva is composed of carbs and absorbs tightly to the surface of teeth becoming part of enamel pellicle?
|
mucin
|
|
|
what component of saliva acts as the primary source of nutrients for microflora?
|
glycoproteins (mucin)
|
|
|
T/F metronidazole and clindamycin are antibiotics for Bacteriodes fragilis
|
true
|
|
|
T/F flow rate of saliva is slowest in lower anterior lingual and fastest in upper anterior buccal
|
false
-opposite is true |
|
|
what is the flow rate for health y and diseased states for GCF?
|
-healthy=slow
-diseased=increased rate |
|
|
what are all the factors affecting growth of bacteria in oral cavity?(5)
|
temperature
oxidation reduction potential pH nutrients adherence |
|
|
what is the main source of endogenous nutrients in the mouth?
|
saliva
|
|
|
what type of succession involves non microbial influences which alter pattern of community development?
|
allogenic
|
|
|
what type of succession involves the fact that aerobic/facultative pioneer species lower redox potential?
|
autogenic
|
|
|
after tooth eruption in children the frequency of what 2 groups of bacteria increase?
|
spirochetes
black pigmenting bacteria |
|
|
what is usually less that 1 u thick and is composed of acidic proline rich proteins and statherin?
|
acquired enamel pellicle
|
|
|
what are rod shaped protein structures that aid in adhesion and are thinner and shorter?
|
fibrils
|
|
|
what is formed by the selective absorption of components from primary saliva and to a lesser extent gingival crevice fluid to surfaces of oral cavity?
|
pellicles
|
|
|
what are high MW surface active polymers with one hydrophic end and give examples?
|
Amphiphilic polymer
-Lipopolysaccharides lipoteichoic acid lipoproteins |
|
|
what are high MW surface active polymer with hydrophobic groups across the entire molecule and give examples?
|
polyphilic polymer
-hydrophobic polysaccharide |
|
|
what is the term for molecules left after deadhesion>
|
desorption footprints
|
|
|
the development of a _____ depends on the interactions between adhesins on the microbial cell surface and ligands on host surface
|
climax community
|
|
|
large accumulations of microorganisms on teeth is called?
|
dental plaque
|
|
|
what is the main beneficial functions of forming a climax community?
|
prevent colonization by exogenous organisms (may be pathogenic)
|
|
|
what is a structured community of bacterial cells enclosed in self produced polymeric matrix and adhered to a surface?
|
biofilm
|
|
|
what are the 3 essential components of biofilm?
|
bacteria
glycocalyx surface |
|
|
human infections involving biofilms?
|
endocarditis
otitis media prostatitis cystic fibrosis periodontitis dental caries |
|
|
biofilms are hetero or homogenous monolayers?
|
heterogenous
|
|
|
what are the signal molecules for G+ vs G-?
|
G+ = small peptides
G- = homoserine lactone |
|
|
advantages of biofilms for bacteria?
|
anchor, traps nutrients, resistance to antimicrobial agents, protected from antibodies, sweeping, drying and predators
|
|
|
genes responsible for biofilm development?
|
las gene system
algC gene |
|
|
what are the major opportunistic pathogens found in dental unit water lines?
|
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Legionella pneumophila mycobacteria acanthoamoeba |
|
|
T/F the majority of plaque is found in fissures and the gingival crevice
|
true
|
|
|
how many bacteria are in saliva?
|
10^8 / mL
|
|
|
what are the pioneer species (within 2 hours of cleaning)?
|
mitis streptococci
actinomyces naeslundii and israeli Capnocytophagg gingivalis |
|
|
what are the bacteria commonly found on root surfaces?
|
mitis streptococci
Propionbacterium rothia dentocariosa |
|
|
T/F each microhabitat potentially could support the growth of different microbial communities
|
true
|
|
|
genes responsible for biofilm development?
|
las gene system
algC gene |
|
|
what are the survival factors of many of the pioneer species?
|
IgA protease
neuraminidase |
|
|
what are the major opportunistic pathogens found in dental unit water lines?
|
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Legionella pneumophila mycobacteria acanthamoeba |
|
|
calculus includes what minerals?
|
apatite
brushite whitlockite |
|
|
T/F the majority of plaque is found in fissures and the gingival crevice
|
true
|
|
|
T/F only 10% of adults have calculus
|
false -80%
|
|
|
how many bacteria are in saliva?
|
10^8 / mL
|
|
|
what are the pioneer species (within 2 hours of cleaning)?
|
mitis streptococci
actinomyces naeslundii and israeli Capnocytophagg gingivalis |
|
|
what are the bacteria commonly found on root surfaces?
|
mitis streptococci
Propionbacterium rothia dentocariosa |
|
|
T/F each microhabitat of a biofilm potentially could support the growth of different microbial communities
|
true
|
|
|
what are the survival factors of many of the pioneer species?
|
IgA protease
neuraminidase |
|
|
calculus includes what minerals?
|
apatite
brushite whitlockite |
|
|
T/F only 10% of adults have calculus
|
false -80%
|
|
|
what are the beneficial factors of microbial interactions?
|
enzyme complementation
food webs coaggregation |
|
|
what involves the dissolution of the enamel and the transport of calcium and phosphate ions away into the surrounding environment
|
lesion formation
|
|
|
what are caries primarly on proximal tooth surfaces classified as?
|
smooth surface caries
|
|
|
what is the primary lesion of caries?
|
white spot lesion
|
|
|
how do you diagnose caries?
|
direct observation
probing radiographs experimental methods microbiological test |
|
|
what are the 4 main cariogenic bacteria?
|
streptococcus mutans
streptococcus sobrinus actinomyces naeslundii lactobacillus |
|
|
what allows for both adhesion to tooth surface and cohesion within biofilms?
|
GTF
|
|
|
what promotes stacking of chains via H bonds?
|
glucan chains
|
|
|
T/F glucose which is the only substrate for GTF is also a major factor in pathogenesis of dental caries
|
false
-sucrose |
|
|
T/F cariogenic biofilms contain less glucans
|
false
-large amounts |
|
|
what exposes the cementum of the root to microbes (happens in old age)?
|
gingival recession
|
|
|
what property of cariogenic bacteria allows for acid production to continue in the absence of dietary sugars?
|
intracellular polysaccharide production
-storage granules that store sucrose |
|
|
during patient evaluation what needs to be assessed?
|
dietary habits
salivary flow rate microbiological analysis |
|
|
what is the CFU for high caries risk?
|
> 10^6 S. mutans or 10^4 lactobacillus
|
|
|
what CFU is low caries risk
|
<10^4 S. mutans or 10^3 lactobacillus
|
|
|
sealants are less effective for ____ because matrix can supply nutrients.
|
3rd degree caries
|
|
|
what is the effective agent for controlling plaque in mouthwash that disrupts the cell membrane?
|
chlorohexidine
|
|
|
what are the 2 most common periodontal diseases?
|
gingivits
periodontitis |
|
|
what is characterized clinically by gingival changes in color, form, position and surface appearance?
|
gingivitis
|
|
|
what is the difference of the gingival crevice to other parts of the mouth?
|
more anaerobic
bathed in gingival crevice fluid |
|
|
which area of the mouth has little sIgA (antibodies)?
|
subgingival area
|
|
|
what is produced by many G- bacteria in periodontal pockets and have an unpleasant odor and is a major constiutuent of halitosis?
|
VSCs (volatile sulfur containing compound)
|
|
|
what is a nonspecific inflammatory response to dental plaque involving the gingival margins and can happen to everyone with poor oral hygiene?
|
chronic marginal gingivitis
|
|
|
what is the most common form of advanced periodontal disease affecting general population (70-80%)?
|
chronic adult periodontitis
|
|
|
what disease involves the gingiva and has loss of attachement between the root surface and alveolar bone and bone loss?
|
chronic adult periodontitis
|
|
|
what factors predispose to chronic adult periodontitis?
|
subgingival calculus
overhang restorations crowded teeth |
|
|
which disease has irregular alveolar bone loss around teeth, gingival recession and halitosis and offensive tase?
|
chronic adult periodontitis
|
|
|
what causes cells to release metalloproteins?
|
cytokines
lysosomal enzymes |
|
|
what are all the bacteria that cause chronic adult periodontis?
|
capnocytophaga
aggregatibacter prevotella intermedia p. gingivalis fusobacterium nucleatum campylobacter rectus tannerella forsythensis treponema |
|
|
what is the treatment for chronic adult periodontitis?
|
removal of plaque and endotoxin
-may need surgical access -antibiotics |
|
|
what disease is observed in teenagers and manifests as severe marginal inflammation with rapid loss of bony support?
|
agressive periodontitis
|
|
|
which oral disease does the patient have adequate oral hygiene and depressed neutrophil chemotaxis?
|
agressive periodontits
|
|
|
what is the treatment for agressive perio?
|
tetracycline and mechanical therapy
|
|
|
what are the bacteria involved in aggressive periodontitis?
|
wolinella
eikenella fusobacterium nucleatum P.gingivalis capnocytophaga aggregatibacter |
|
|
what is a painful acute condition in which a gray pseudomembrane is formed on gingiva?
|
Necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis NUG
|
|
|
T/F NUG patients have an unpleasant metallic taste in their mouth
|
true
|
|
|
what bacteria causes NUG?
|
Fusobacterium nucleatum
Treponema vincentii prevotella intermedia |
|
|
ultrasonic scaling, chlorohexidine mouthwash and metronidazole is treatement for?
|
NUG
|
|
|
what is rapid acute inflammation involving the whole pulp or chronic localized abscess?
|
dentoalveolar abscess
|
|
|
what bacteria cause dentoalveolar abscess?
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P gingivalis
fusobacterium nucleatum prevotella intermedia |
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what is a bilateral infection of sublingual and submandibular space that causes tissues in the front of the neck to swell and can obstruct airway?
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Ludwigs angina
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what bacteria cause ludwigs angina?
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P. gingivalis
prevotella intermedia |
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what is destruction of the periodontium resulting ins pus in the gingival sulcus caused by trauma or food impaction?
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periodontal abscess
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what bacteria cause periodontal absces?
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P. gingivalis
prevotella intermedia fusobacterium nucleatum treponema capnocytophagg actinomyces |
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what treatment can involve tooth extraction or irrigation with sodium chloride solution?
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periodontal abscess
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what bacteria group is G-, obligate anaerobes, non motile, nonspore forming rods involved in periodontal disease and endodontic infections?
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black pigmenting bacteria
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T/F bacteriodes fragilis is an exogenous infection
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false
-endogenous |
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infection by this bacteria resembles other anaerobic infections with foul odor of discharge, tissue necrosis, and gas?
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Bacteriodes fragilis
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the antibiotics for bacteriodes fragilis is ____ and ____. most strains produce ____(antibiotic resistance)
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metronidazole
clindamycin -make beta lactamase |
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what is a G- obligate anaerobe that is in high numbers in the gingival crevice and is strongly associated with periodontal disease (chronic, aggressive and abscesses)
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tannerella forsynthesis
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T/F tannerella forsynthesis is only found in subgingival biofilms
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false
-in subgingival and supragingival |
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what porphyromonas bacteria has the highest numbers in the gingival crevice?
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p. gingivalis
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what is a late colonizer in plaque that interacts with fusobacterium nucleatum?
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prevotella intermedia
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which bacteria is a G- thin bacillis with pointed ends?
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fusobacterium nucleatum
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which bacteria plays an important role in maintaining the integrity of plaque?
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Fusobacterium nucleatum
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which bacteria causes endogenous pleuropulmonary infections, ANUG, NUP, gingivits, periodontitis, and vincents angina?
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fusobacterium nucleatum
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what is the treatment for fusobacterium?
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metronidazole
clindamycin |
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which bacteria do not possess flagella but have fimbriae and capsules?
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Neisseria
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what are the primary antigens for dividing neisseria into serotypes?
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K antigen (capsular polysaccharide)
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what is the #1 cause of meningitis among individuals 5-29?
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N. meningitidis
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what is a G- diplococci that can be readily observed along with PMNs?
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N. meningitidis
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complications of what disease can cause urethral strictures, epididymitis, and prostatitis?
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gonorrhea
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when gram staining this bacteria you will see many PMNs with intracellular G- diplococci with flattened sides
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N. gonorrhea
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which Veillonella has been associated with gingivitis?
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Veillonella parvula
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T/F Aggregatibacter is extremely motile
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false
-nonmotile |
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what are the colonization factors for Aggregatibacter?
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fimbriae
capsule |
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which enterobacteriaceae is not part of the coliform group?
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proteus
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H,K,O antigens are used to distinguish serotypes for what groups of G- bacteria?
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Enterobacteriaceae
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which group of bacteria are all involved in acute diarrheal disease?
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Enterbacteriaceae
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what are the 3 virulence factors for enterobacteriaceae?
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endotoxin
antibiotic resistance urease |
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what are curved or helical G- motile rods that occur in the gingival sulcus and causes aggressive periodonitits?
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Wolinella
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what are helical bacteria with a central protoplasmic cylinder surrounded by a ctyoplasmic membrane
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spirochetes
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seriological test for what bacteria include VDRL, rapid plasma reaginic test and wassermann?
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nontreponemal
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what tests are used to confirm nontreponemal like FTA-ABS?
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treponemal tes(can be used for Treponema pallidum)
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what is the common source of tranmission for Legionella?
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airborne
|
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T/F legionella does not transmit person to person
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true
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which bacteria has a capsule like envelope or slime layer and able to use 80 different organic compounds for growth?
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Pseudomonas aeruginosa
|
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which bacteria is able to resist high concentration of salt, dyes, and disinfectants?
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pseudomonas aeruginosa
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what is the cause of folliculitis (from hot tubs)?
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pseudomonas aeruginosa
|
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which bacteria causes urethritis(NGU), epididymitis, and procitis?
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chlamydia trachomatis
|
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nasopharyngeal infection by this bacteria occurs during pasage through an infected cervix (neonatal pneumonia)?
|
chlamydia trachomatis
|
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which bacteria lack a true cell wall and gram stain poorly or not at all?
|
mycoplasma
|
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which bacteria cause atypical pneumonia with subclinical infection, bronchopneumonia, remittent fever, cough and headache for weeks?
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mycoplasma pneumoniae
|
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what is responsible for 20% of pneumonia cases and has a low infectious dose (100 cfu)?
|
mycoplasma pneumoniae
|
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what bacteria has an A-B enterotoxin called cholera toxin?
|
vibrio cholerae
|
|
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what are the normal biota for the outer region of the urethra?
|
strep
staph corynebacteria lactobacillus |
|
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what are 3 types of UTIs?
|
bladder (cystitis)
kidneys (pyelonephritis) urethra (uretheritis) |
|
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what are the main causative agents of UTIs?
|
E coli
Staph saprophyticus Proteus mirabilis |
|
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candida albicans, gardnerella, trichomonas vaginalis cause what?
|
vaginitis
vaginosis |
|
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which normal biota of the skin(staph) is coagulase negative?
|
staph epidermidis
|
|
|
how many bacteria are in the small intestine?
|
10^3/mL
|
|
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prosthodontic and orthodontic appliances can act as?
|
inanimate reservoirs for bacteria and yeast
|
|
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what is the specific defense factor in saliva?
|
immunoglobins (slgA)
|
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T/F the normal flora of the mouth has high numbers of obligate aerobes
|
false
|
|
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what are the main exogenous nutrients for oral bacteria?
|
fermentable carbs
|
|
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what is an example of a polymorphic polymer?
|
hydrophobic polysaccharide
ex. capsular polysaccharide |
|
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what are examples of excreted SACs?
|
fatty acids
lipids amphiphilic and polyphilic polymers |
|
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what in the biofilm can act as an anchor, trap nutrients and protect?
|
glycocalyx
|
|
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what are the major opportunistic bacteria in dental equipment?
|
pseudomonas aeruginosa
legionella pneumophila mycobacterium (nontuberculosis) acanthamoeba |
|
|
fluoride can change the metabolism of plaque by?
|
interfering with bacterial membrane permeability
-reducing glycolysis -inactivating metabolic enzymes -inhibiting synthesis of intracellular polysaccharides |
|
|
what is produced by several of the periopathogenic bacteria particulary G- in periodontal pockets?
|
VSCs(volatile sulfur containing compounds)
|
|
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what is a nonspecific inflammatory response to dental plaque?
|
chronic marginal gingivitis
|
|
|
in contrast to chronic periodontitis, little plaque or calculus is present in periodontal pocket for this disease?
|
aggressive periodontitis
|
|
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what is associated with poor oral hygiene, malnutrition, and perhaps systemic disease?
|
NUG-necrotizing ulcerative gingitivits
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