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198 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Which of the following is not a gram negative genus?
Enterobacteriaceae Campylobacter Pasteurella Brucella Clostridium |
Clostridium
|
|
Which of the following is not a gram negative genus?
Pseudomonas Actinomyces Bordetella Legionella Vibrio |
Actinomyces
|
|
Which of the following is not a gram negative genus?
Nocardia Neisseria Helicobacter Haemophilus Francesella |
Nocardia
|
|
Which of the following is not a gram negative genus?
Vibrio Pasteurella Propionibacterium Legionella Enterobacteriaceae |
Propionibacterium
|
|
Which of the following do not belong in the Enterobacteriaceae family?
Yersinia Proteus Bacillus Shigella Salmonella |
Bacillus
|
|
Which of the following do not belong in the Enterobacteriaceae family?
Clostridium E. coli Shigella Klebsiella |
Clostridium
|
|
Which of the following do not belong in the Enterobacteriaceae family?
Proteus Salmonella E. coli Neisseria |
Neisseria
|
|
Which of the following do not belong in the Enterobacteriaceae family?
Yersinia Legionella Salmonella Shigella |
Legionella
|
|
Which of the following do not belong in the Enterobacteriaceae family?
Francisella Shigella Proteus E. coli |
Francisella
|
|
Which of the following do not belong in the Enterobacteriaceae family?
Klebsiella Proteus Haemophilus E. coli |
Haemophilus
|
|
Name the Gram Neg. cocci that we studied in class
|
Neisseria
|
|
Gram-neg. diplococci
Aerobic catalase + Non-motile species include: gonorrhoeae and meningitidis |
Neisseria
|
|
Name the two species in the Neisseria genus
|
N. gonorrhoeae
N. meningitidis |
|
Name the species characteristic of a non-capsulated bacteria, with long fimbriae and many outer membrane proteins, that causes the second most common venereal disease
|
N. gonorrhoeae
|
|
Outer membrane proteins of N. gonorrhoeae
|
Opa
Por Rmp Transferrin binding protein Lactoferrin binding protein Hemoglobin binding protein LOS |
|
Transferrin binding protein, Lactoferrin binding protein, and Hemoglobin binding protein are in which bacterial species
|
N. gonorrhoeae
|
|
What is the function of Transferrin binding protein, Lactoferrin binding protein, and Hemoglobin binding protein
|
multiplication factors which are involved in ion aggregation (competing with host for ions)
|
|
What are the three most important virulence factors of N. gonorrhoeae?
|
1. long Fimbriae for initial attachment to host's epithelium
2. Opa protein--firm attachment to host 3. LOS (Lipooligosaccharide)--allows it to resist host immune response by binding sialic acid |
|
T/F non-fimbriated N. gonorrhoeae cells are harmless
|
true.
Only fimbriated N. gonorrhoeae are virulent |
|
Function of LOS in N. gonorrhoeae
|
Responsible for most symptoms of gonorrhea
elicits inflammatory response binds sialic acid, allowing it to resist host imune response |
|
Which statement is false about N. gonorrhoeae?
1. Humans are only natural hosts 2. Transmission by aerosolized toxin inhalation 3. Needs close mucous membrane contracts to survive 4. Higer risk for patients without membrane attack complex (MAC) |
2. Transmission is primarily by sex
|
|
The second most commonly reported bacterial STD
|
Gonorrhea
|
|
T/F: Gonorrhea is characterized by painful ulcers on genitals.
|
False. Gonorrhea is characterized by purulent discharge. Chancroid is painful ulcers
|
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Which of the following is not a bacterial STD pathogen?
Vibrio vulnificus Neisseria gonorrhoeae Haemophilus ducreyi Treponema pallidum Chlamydia trachomatis |
Vibrio vulnificus
|
|
Two of the following are bacterial STD pathogens that exhibits purulent discharge:
Neisseria gonorrhoeae Haemophilus ducreyi Treponema pallidum Chlamydia trachomatis |
Neisseria gonorrhoeae and
Chlamydia trachomatis |
|
Haemophilus ducreyi causes which STD
|
Chancroid (painful ulcer)
|
|
Two of the following are bacterial STD pathogens that are intracellular pathogens:
Neisseria gonorrhoeae Haemophilus ducreyi Treponema pallidum Chlamydia trachomatis |
Treponema pallidum and
Chlamydia trachomatis |
|
Treponema pallidum causes which bacterial STD?
|
syphillis
|
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Ophthalmia neonatorum and Disseminated infections from genitourinary tract through blood to skin or joints are from which bacterial species?
|
N. gonorrhoeae
|
|
Thayer-Martin agar is used for culturing bactera from which genus?
|
Neisseria (N. gonorrhoeae and N. meningitidis)
|
|
This agar, used for culturing and isolating Neisseria bacteria, contains vancomycin, colistin, and nystatin
|
Thayer-Martin agar
|
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This bacteria is identical in morphological characteristics to N. gonorrhoese, except that it has a polysaccharide capsule.
|
N. meningitidis
|
|
Virulence factors of N. meningitidis
|
Polysaccharide capsule and
LOS |
|
T/F: N. meningitidis is a baby-killer
|
True.
|
|
Two diseases of N. meningitidis
|
Meningococcal meningitis (2nd most common meningitis)
Meningococcemia--N. meningitidis in blood stream..leads to necrosis |
|
Which of the following Enterobacteriaceae is not a food-poisoning bacterial pathogen?
E. coli Salmonella Shigella Yersinia enterocolitica Klebsiella |
Klebsiella
|
|
This Gram Neg bacilli family (genus) shares a common antigen (enterobacterial common antigen)
|
Enterobacteriaceae
|
|
3 Serologic classifcation groups in Enterobacteriaceae
|
Capsule (K antigen)
Flagellar (H antigen) Somatic O polysaccharide (O antigen of LPS) |
|
Match these serologic classifcations of enterobacteriacae with their antigen:
Capsule [] H antigen Flagellar [] O antigen Somatic O polysac. [] K antigen |
Capsule--> K antigen
Flagellar --> H antigen Somatic O polysaccharide --> O antigen |
|
Motile or Non-motile? E. coli
|
Motile
|
|
Not on test but on boards:
Motile or Non-motile? Salmonella |
Motile
|
|
Not on test but on boards:
Motile or Non-motile? Yersinia |
Motile
|
|
Not on test but on boards:
Motile or Non-motile? Proteus |
Motile
|
|
Not on test but on boards:
Motile or Non-motile? shigella |
Non-Motile
|
|
Not on test but on boards:
Motile or Non-motile? Klebsiella |
Non-Motile
|
|
Not on test but on boards:
Fermenter or Non-fermenter? E. coli |
Fermenter
|
|
Not on test but on boards:
Fermenter or Non-fermenter? Klebsiella |
Fermenter
|
|
Not on test but on boards:
Fermenter or Non-fermenter? Salmonella |
Non-fermenter
|
|
Not on test but on boards:
Fermenter or Non-fermenter? Shigella |
Non-fermenter
|
|
Not on test but on boards:
Fermenter or Non-fermenter? Yersinia |
Non-fermenter
|
|
Not on test but on boards:
Fermenter or Non-fermenter? Proteus |
Non-fermenter
|
|
Important Exotoxins of E. coli
|
Shiga toxins (stx)
Shiga-like toxins Heat-labile enterotoxins (LT) Heat-stable enterotoxin (ST) Hemolysin |
|
Which of the following E. coli exotoxins are A/B toxins:
Shiga toxins (stx) Shiga-like toxins Heat-labile enterotoxins (LT) Heat-stable enterotoxin (ST) Hemolysin |
Shiga toxins (stx)
Shiga-like toxins Heat-labile enterotoxins (LT) |
|
Which of the following E. coli exotoxins is a superantigen:
Shiga toxins (stx) Shiga-like toxins Heat-labile enterotoxins (LT) Heat-stable enterotoxin (ST) Hemolysin |
Heat-stable enterotoxin (ST)
|
|
Shiga toxin (Stx) in E. coli has what function?
|
Interacts with ribosomes to inhibit protein synthesis causing hemolytic uremic syndrome
|
|
What causes hemolytic uremic syndrome?
|
Shiga toxin (Stx)
|
|
Most frequently isolated nosocomial pathogen in hospital
|
Staph. aureus
|
|
Extra-intestinal diseases of E. coli (3)
|
1. UTI
2. Septicemia 3. Neonatal meningitis |
|
Intestinal disease (gastroenteritis) of E. coli by 5 pathogenic groups:
|
Entero________ E. coli
ETEC (toxigenic) EIEC (invasive) EHEC (hemorrhagic) EPEC (pathogenic) EAEC (aggregative) |
|
E. coli group with the following characteristics:
non-invastive, secretes ST-like toxin and hemolysin |
EAEC (aggregative)
|
|
E. coli group with the following characteristics:
non-invasive, secretes LT and/or ST, a.k.a "traveler's diarrhea" |
ETEC (toxigenic)
(Think "T" for "Traveler's") |
|
E. coli group with the following characteristics:
moderately invasive, works by an "attaching-effacing" mechanism that strips microvilli (compromised absorption). Symptoms result mainly from invasion rather than toxigenesis |
EPEC (pathogenic)
|
|
E. coli group with the following characteristics:moderately invasive, secretes shiga toxin in addition to "attaching-effacing" mechanism; famous strain of this category is E. coli O157:H7
|
EHEC (hemorrhagic)
|
|
E. coli group with the following characteristics:
Invasive, facultative intracellular, type III injection of toxin system, dysentery-like diarrhea, potentially fatal |
EIEC (invasive)
|
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T/F Most common form of E. coli diarrhea in US from O157:H7 (McDonalds and Dole spinach)
|
True
|
|
E. coli producing extended spectrum beta-lactamases is currently resulting in what?
|
E. coli multiple-drug resistance
|
|
Species in Enterobacteriaceae family that is facultative, intracelluar, resistant to bile acids/salts, and acquired by eating contaminated food
|
Salmonella
|
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Salmonella species passed person to person
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S. typhi
|
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Salmonella species found in contaminated vegetables, eggs and pet reptiles
|
S. enteritidis
|
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Tyhoid fever caused by:
|
Salmonella typhi
|
|
Salmonella typhi: _____ fever
|
"Typhoid"
|
|
Salmonella causes acute or chronic gastroenteritis
|
acute
|
|
T/F: Enteritis from Salmonella poisoning is properly treated with penicillin
|
False. Antibiotic NOT recommended
|
|
Species in Enterobacteriaceae family that is facultative, intracelluar, resistant to bile acids/salts, and acquired by contact with water polluted with human feces (fecal-oral route)
|
Shigella
|
|
Children who do not wash hands properly after bowel movement at risk for what bacterial disease?
|
Shigellosis (bacillary dysentery)
|
|
T/F: Shigella is highly infectious
|
True
|
|
Bacteria species responsible for Black Death
|
Yersinia pestis
|
|
How do Yersinia exotoxins enter human cells?
|
Type III secretion system (needle)
|
|
YopH, YopE, and YopJ/P are exotoxins of what bacterial family?
|
Yersinia
|
|
T/F Yersinia Type III secretion mediates resistance to phagocytic killing
|
true
|
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Y. pestis is zoonotic or from raw pork?
|
zoonotic
|
|
Y. enterocolitica is zoonotic or from raw pork?
|
raw pork
|
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Y. enterocolitica causes what disease?
|
Gastroenteritis
|
|
Disease from Klebsiella
|
K. pneumoniae causes pneumonia especially in malnourished alcoholics and is a frequent UTI pathogen
|
|
This bacterial species causes pneumonia especially in malnourished alcoholics and is a frequent UTI pathogen
|
Klebsiella pneumoniae
|
|
Which of the following tolerates a high-salt environment, but does not need it:
Vibrio vulnificus Vibrio cholerae Vibrio parahaemolyticus |
V. cholerae
|
|
gram-neg. rods, single flagellum, facultative, cannot tolerate acidic environment, usually halophilic
|
Vibrio
|
|
O1 and O139 strains Vibrio bacteria cause what disease?
|
cholera
|
|
cholera caused by?
|
Vibrio cholerae
|
|
Role of Cholera enterotoxin
|
increase cAMP --> watery diarrhea
|
|
How is V. cholerae transferred to humans?
|
contaminated water
|
|
Rice-water stool associated with what disease?
|
Cholera
|
|
How do you treat cholera?
|
Rehydration.
Most antibiotics don't do much (tetracyclin may help) |
|
V. parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus both love _____ and are transferred to humans by ____________________.
|
salt
ingestion of undercooked shellfish or raw oysters |
|
Swimming in the ocean with an open wound may make you vulnerable to this bacteria
|
Vibrio vulnificus
|
|
Campylobacter is:
obligate aerobic microaerophile facultative obligate anaerobe |
microaerophile
|
|
This is the #1 food poisoning bacteria in the US
|
Campylobacter jejuni
|
|
Name 2 bacteria that are hippurase positive:
|
Strep. agalactiae
and Campylobacter jejuni |
|
Most common cause of bacterial diarrhea in US
|
Campylobacter jejuni
|
|
T/F: most patients need antibiotics to recover from C. jejuni
|
false...most patients recover without antibiotic therapy
|
|
Leading cause of bacterial gastroenteritis in US
|
Campylobacter jejuni
|
|
Review (Gram +): B. cereus: types of foods
|
starchy foods (refried rice)
|
|
Review (Gram +) C. botulinum: toxins
|
spore, botulinum toxin
|
|
Review (Gram +) C. botulinum: types of foods
|
canned foods
honey |
|
Review (Gram +) C. botulinum: symptoms
|
botulism--flaccidity, no vomiting or diarrhea
|
|
Review (Gram +) Listeria monocytogenes: temperature sensitivity
|
grows at refrigeration temperatures and in high salted foods like bacon and ham
|
|
Enteric E. coli: toxin
|
heat-stable and heat-labile enterotoxin, shiga, shiga-like toxin
|
|
Salmonella: types of food
|
egg, poultry, reptiles, vegetables
|
|
Shigella: symptoms
|
dysentery
|
|
Y. entercolitica: temperature sensitivity
|
prefers refrigerator temperature
|
|
Vibrio: habitat
|
water, fish, shellfish
|
|
Vibrio: symptoms
|
rice-water stool
|
|
C. jejuni: toxin
|
We don't know. But it is the #1 cause of bacterial diarrhea
|
|
multiple flagella at one pole, urease positive, colonizes in stomach
|
helicobacter pylori
|
|
Most recurrent gastric ulcers are caused by what bacterial species?
|
helicobacter pylori
|
|
Virulence factors of H. pylori
|
flagella, mucinase, urease
|
|
This organism overcomes acidic problem of living in human stomach with urease activity to increase pH by ammonia production
|
H. pylori
|
|
Most common chronic bacterial infection of humans
|
H. pylori
|
|
This microorganism may cause gastritis, duodenal and gastric ulcers, or gastric adenocarcinomas
|
H. pylori
|
|
Name three cancer-associated bacteria
|
Strep. bovis: if in blood, indicator of colon cancer
Clostridium septicum: if in blood, indicator of colon cancer H. pylori: causative agent of gastric adenocarcinomas |
|
Lab diagnosis of this bacteria will give you a positive urease test
|
H. pylori
|
|
If you have H. pylori, you can most easily find out by:
|
a blood antibody test
|
|
Triple therapy for H. pylori:
|
Cytoprotective agents (pepto-bismol)
Proton-pump inhibitors Antibiotics |
|
Growth of this bacteria in vitro requires hemin (X factor) and NAD (V factor)
|
Haemophilus
|
|
Haemophilus requires what two factors to grow in vitro?
|
hemin (X factor) and NAD (V factor)
|
|
hemin aka?
|
X factor
|
|
NAD aka?
|
V factor
|
|
X factor aka
|
hemin
|
|
V factor aka
|
NAD
|
|
H. influenzae and H. ducreyi both belong to what genus....(starts with an H...)
|
Haemophilus
|
|
What are the two mentioned Haemophilus species mentioned in class?
|
H. influenzae and H. ducreyi
|
|
T/F: H. influenzae causes the flu
|
False. Influenza virus causes the flu
|
|
Capsule swelling test used for which two bacteria?
|
H. influenzae and
S. pneumoniae |
|
Most virulent strain of H. influenzae, responsible for 95% disease
|
H. influenzae type b (Hib)
|
|
Important virulence factor of H. influenzae composed of polysaccharide
|
Polysaccharide capsule type b
|
|
Polysaccharide capsule type b contains what kind of molecule used in vaccination for H. influenzae
|
polyribitol phosphate (PRP)
|
|
Which statement about H. influenzae epidemiology is incorrect:
1. Non-capsulated Haemophilus species are in normal flora 2. Capsulated Haemophilus species are in normal flora 3. H. influenzae constitutes 10% of flora in saliva 4. Hib was most common cause of meningitis in children before its vaccine in 1987 |
The following phrase is false:
2. Capsulated Haemophilus species are in normal flora |
|
Primary diseases in children unimmunized by Hib
|
epiglottitis
meningitis bacteremia |
|
List 4 bacterial baby-killers
|
Strep. agalactiae
Neisseria meningitidis E. coli Hib (Haemophilus influenzae b) |
|
H. influenzae can be easily detected in which bodily fluid?
|
CSF
|
|
To culture H. influenzae, you need what factors?
|
NAD (factor V) and
Hemin (factor X) |
|
This bacteria causes an STD called chancroid (painful ulcers on genitals)...lesions are similar to those of syphilis
|
H. ducreyi
|
|
facultative intracellular pathogen; main hosts are amoeba and human macrophages
|
Legionella pneumophila
|
|
Virulence factors for legionella pneumophila
|
intracellular in macrophages
prevent phagolysosome produce beta-lactamase |
|
immunosuppression, cigarette smoking, renal failure, age greater than 50 years, AIDs, hematologic malignancies, and lung cancer are all risk factors for which bacteria?
|
Legionella pneumophila
|
|
Two diseases from Legionella pneumophila
|
Legionnaire's disease: severe pneumonia
Pontiac fever: influenza-like |
|
Lab diagnosis of L. pneumophila on what kind of plate?
|
Buffered Charcoal Yeast Extract (BCYE) agar with L-cysteine
|
|
What are the two "pet bite" infectious bacteria?
|
Pasteurella and
Bartonella |
|
This bacteria is transmitted from dogs/cats (bites, kissing, fleas); true zoonotic
|
Pasteurella multocida
|
|
This bacteria causes "cat-scratch disease"; zoonotic
|
Bartonella henselae
|
|
Bartonellosis aka?
|
cat-scratch disease
|
|
Extremely small Gram Neg bacteria (3)
|
Bordetella
Brucella Francisella |
|
Which bacteria causes pertussis?
|
Bordetella pertussis
|
|
Disease from Brucella
|
Brucellosis
|
|
Causes Tularemia
|
Francisella Tularensis
|
|
Bacteria causing non-invasive infection of ciliated respiratory epithelial cells
|
Bordetella pertussis
|
|
Bacteria for Whooping Cough
|
Bordetella pertussis
|
|
Pertussis aka?
|
Whooping Cough
|
|
Bordetella pertussis virulence factors: Adhesins
|
Filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA) and Pertussis toxin (A/B toxin)
|
|
Bordetella pertussis virulence factors: Toxins
|
Pertussis toxin (A/B toxin)
Adenylate cyclase/hemolysin toxin (A/B toxin) Does NOT cause bacteremia |
|
B. pertussis virulence factor that is both an Adhesin and a Toxin
|
Pertussis toxin (A/B toxin)
|
|
Ciliary stasis caused by which bacteria and what specific virulence factor?
|
Bordetella pertussis
FHA (Filamentous hemagglutinin |
|
Effects of Pertussis toxin (molecular and physiological)
|
Increase cAMP
Increase Respiratory secretions and mucus production |
|
Bordet and Gengou agar (glycerin-potato-blood agar) used to classify which bacteria?
|
B. pertussis
|
|
The most sensitive and specific test for B. pertussis is...
|
Nucleic acid amplification tests
|
|
Treatment of pertussis
|
macrolide and DPT vaccine (for pertussis toxin)
|
|
Facultative Intracellular pathogen. Predominantly infects animals; has significant host specificity
|
Brucella
|
|
Fact: Brucella is a true zoonotic disease
|
Fact: Brucella is a true zoonotic disease
|
|
Undulant fever or Malta fever aka?
|
Brucellosis
|
|
Brucellosis aka?
|
Undulant fever or Malta fever
|
|
tularemia aka?
|
rabbit fever
|
|
rabbit fever caused by which bacteria
|
Francisella tularensis
|
|
Which statement is false?
1. Francisella tularensis found in rabbits and ticks 2. True zoonotic 3. Transmitted by animal fluids and inhaling infective aerosols 4. Can be transmitted human to human |
#4 is false. F. tularensis CANNOT be transmitted from human to human
|
|
True zoonotic bacterial pathogens (11)
|
Bacillus anthracis
Yersinia pestis Pasteurella multocida Bartonella henselae Brucella spp Francisella tularensis Borrelia burgdorfer Leptospira interrogans Rickettsia rickettsii Ehrlichia chaffeensis Coxiella burnetii |
|
Tick-borne bacterial diseases (4)
|
Tularemia
Lyme disease Rocky Mountain spotted fever Human monocytic ehrlichiosis (HME) |
|
Tularemia caused by which bacteria?
|
Francisella tularensis
|
|
Lyme disease caused by which bacteria?
|
Borrelia burgdorferi
|
|
Rocky Mountain spotted fever caused by which bacteria?
|
Rickettsia rickettsii
|
|
Human monocytic ehrlichiosis (HME) caused by which bacteria?
|
Ehrlichia chaffeensis
|
|
F. tularensis cultured on what kind of agar plate?
|
buffered charcoal yeast extract (BCYE) agar containing L-cysteine
|
|
Which two bacteria are cultured on a buffered charcoal yeast extract (BCYE) agar containing L-cysteine
|
F. tularensis and
L. pneumophila |
|
The most important opportunistic pathogen of immunocompromised individuals
|
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
|
|
Virulence factors of Pseudomonas aeruginosa
|
Slime layer
Exotoxin A Acquired Antibiotic Resistance |
|
Which two toxins (from 2 different bacteria) both inhibit protein synthesis by targeting EF2?
|
Pseudomonas exotoxin A and diphtheria toxin
|
|
Tetanus toxin biological effect
|
A/B toxin; Spastic paralysis. Block inhibitory transmitters (GABA and glycine)
|
|
Botulinum toxin biological effect
|
A/B toxin; Flaccid paralysis
|
|
Diphteria toxin biological effect
|
A/B toxin: decrease EF-2 and terminates translation
|
|
Shiga toxin biological effect
|
A/B toxin; decrease translation by inhibiting ribosome
|
|
Shiga-like toxin bio. effect
|
A/B toxin; decrease translation by inhibiting ribosome
|
|
Heat-labile enterotoxin from organism?
|
A/B toxin; ETEC, and salmonella
|
|
Heat-labile enterotoxin biological effect?
|
A/B toxin; increase cAMP and secretory diarrhea
|
|
Cholera enterotoxin bio. effect
|
A/B toxin; increase cAMP and secretory diarrhea
|
|
Pertussis toxin biological effect
|
A/B toxin; increase cAMP and increase respiratory secretions
|
|
Adenylate cyclase toxin biological effect
|
A/B toxin; increase cAMP and increase respiratory secretions
|
|
Pseudomonas exotoxin A
|
A/B toxin; decrease protein synthesis (EF2)
|
|
Burn infection, swimmer's ear, and hot-tub rash from which bacteria?
|
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
|
|
contaminated contact lens cleansing fluids leads to bacterial infection from...
|
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
|
|
Which bacteria has grape-like odor and colonies of a variety of pigmentation
|
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
|