Microbiology: Genetics

Front 1

This is the termenology for the physical and functional traits observable by the genes that are expressed

Back 1

Phenotype

Front 2

This is the Termenology for a region of the DNA that encodes a SINGLE protein

Back 2

Cistron

Front 3

This is a group of MULTIPLE genes transcribed from a single promoter. it produces a single polycistronic mRNA

Back 3

Operon

Front 4

DNA serves as the template for making mRNA in a process called __________

Back 4

Transcription

Front 5

Where does Translation occur?

Back 5

On ribosomes

Front 6

__ nucleotides= 1 codon= 1 AA

Back 6

3

Front 7

This is a special tyoe of codon that does not code for an AA

Back 7

Stop codon

Front 8

T/F: in eukaryotes, transcription and translation are coupled (Translation can begin on the unfinished mRNA as it is being made)

Back 8

FALSE... in PROKARYOTES

Front 9

T/F: Mutations change the Genotype but does not necessarily change the phenotype

Back 9

True

Front 10

What are the 3 types of mutations and what do they do?

Back 10

Substitution: One nucleotide is changed

Inversion: Adjacent nucleotides change positions

Insertion/ Deletion: one or more nucleotides are added or removed from the sequence

Front 11

This is a result of a mutation that causes NO change to the phenotype

Back 11

Silent Mutations

Front 12

This is a result of a mutation that DOES change the AA.

Back 12

Missense Mutation

Front 13

This is a result of a mutation that introduces a stop codon

Back 13

Nonsense Mutations

Front 14

Are Plasmids Self-Repiclating?

Back 14

YES

Front 15

T/F: Plasmid genes are essential for survival of the bacteria

Back 15

FALSE... they are not essential

Front 16

These are segments of ds DNA that can move within a genome, to another genome, or into a plasmid.

They CAN NOT replicate independently!

Back 16

Transposons

Front 17

This is one of the mechanisms of genetic transfer that requires DIRECT contact between the doner and recipient cells

Back 17

Conjugation (bacterial sex)

Front 18

The is a Mechanism of genetic transfer that involves incorporation of FREE DNA

Back 18

Transformation

Front 19

This is a Mechanism of genetic transfer where DNA transfer is mediated by BACTERIOPHAGES

Back 19

Transduction

Front 20

Where does genetic Transfer occur in Conjugation

Back 20

pilus

Front 21

In conjugation, the donor plasmid must contain the _______, which contains info for the synthesis of the pilus

Back 21

F Plasmid

Front 22

What gets transferred to the recipient cell in Conjugation if the F plasmid is extrachromosomal?

Back 22

ONLY the F plasmid

Front 23

What gets transferred to the recipient cell in Conjugation if the F plasmid is Integrated?

Back 23

CHROMOSOMAL genes adjacent to the plasmid

This is called Hfr (High Frequency)

Front 24

The ability of bacteria to incorporate the free DNA is called ________

Back 24

competence

Front 25

During this process, FREE DNA is often taken into a cell- once inside, it may be degraded, or added to the genome.

Back 25

Transformation

Front 26

In this type of Transduction, Phage DNA does NOT become integrated into the barcterial genome

Back 26

Generalized Transduction

Front 27

T/F: in Generalized Transduction, Random fragments of genomic DNA are packaged into ALL of the Phage heads

Back 27

FALSE... only some... True in SPECIALIZED Transduction

Front 28

What are the two types of particles generated in Generalized Transduction, and what do they consist of?

Back 28

Bacteriophages: ONLY VIRAL DNA

Transducing particles ONLY BACTERIAL DNA

Front 29

In specialized Transduction, the Phage DNA does NOT become integrated into the bacterial genome

Back 29

FALSE... it DOES become integrated

This would be true for Generalized transduction

Front 30

What type of particle s produced in Specialized Transduction? what does it contain?

Back 30

Recombinant phage: contains VIRAL AND BACTERIAL DNA

Front 31

DNA is ______ into mRNA
mRNA is _______ into proteins

Back 31

Transcribed
Translated