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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Why are microorganisms so important?
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Because they created the biosphere that supports all life
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How were microorganisms prevented and/or controlled before it was known how they did what they did.
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- diseased individuals isolated
- contaminated material destroyed - natural products used that had medicinal properties |
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Who referred to microorganisms as animalcules?
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Anton van Leeuvenhoek
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Who first suggested that disease were caused by invisible organisms?
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Fracastoro
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What did Redi hypothesize?
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That spontaneous generation was not true for higher life forms
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What did Needham do?
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Hypothesized that animalcules arose spontaneous from corn broth.
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What is Pasteur known for?
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The "swan-neck" flask experiment - disproved spontaneous generation
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What is Jenner known for?
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immunology and vaccine development (cowpox prevented infection by smallpox).
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What is the "germ theory" of disease, and who came up with it?
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microbes are not a result of disease, but cause it. Pasteur came up with this.
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How did Lister contribute to microbiology?
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Observed a need for sterilization with surgeries
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Who proved the "germ theory"
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Robert Koch
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What are Koch's Postulates?
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1. Microbe must be present.
2. Microbe must be isolated from host and grown in pure form 3. Disease must be reproduced when microbe given to another host 4. It must then be able to be recovered from the purposefully infected host |
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What is the average size of a prokaryotic cell?
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2 uM
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What are the different shapes/arrangements of prokaryotes?
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Cocci, spiral, rod; cluster, chains, singles, pairs
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What are the required functions of a bacterial cell?
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1. Enclose internal contents and separate from environment
2. allow entry and exit of specific molecules 3. biosynthesis of cellular components 4. replicate genetic information and pass on to next generation 5. evolve |
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What are some optional functions of a bacterial cell?
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1. Movement
2. attachment to other cells 3. storage of nutrients for later use 4. creation of spores 5. exchanging genetic info. with other bacteria 6. communicating with other bacteria |
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What is cytoplasm?
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- internal matrix of the cell
- site of most cellular metabolic reactions |
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What does cytoplasm consist of?
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Consists of:
1. Cytosol: 90% water; 10% proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, ions 2. Nuceloid: (not enclosed by a membrane) - nuclear area, single chromosome, optional accessory DNA molecules (plasmids) 3. Inclusion bodies (not found in all bacteria) |
