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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Hooke
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Developed cell theory, described first microbe, first to identify a cell
1a: History of Microbiology |
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cell theory
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all living things are composed of cells; the cell is the unit of life
1a: History of Microbiology |
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van Leuwenhoek
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made finer resolution lenses for the microscope; first used to recognize bacteria, first detailed drawings of bacteria.
1a: History of Microbiology |
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animalcules
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1a: History of Microbiology
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spontaneous generation
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the idea that life could spontaneously arise;
1. 1700s - maggots spontaneously arise from spoiled meat 2. broth spoils regardless of being covered or not (Redi) 3. Needham, didn't boil enough to kill bacteria in broth. supported SG 4. Spellanzani - boiled broth in sealed flask, unspoiled. (say need oxygen to SG) 5. 3rd period - Pasteur, curved neck flask; killed SG debate 1a: History of Microbiology |
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Redi
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covered v. uncovered meat
- only uncovered meat gets maggots 1a: History of Microbiology |
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Needham
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boiled broth, put into flask and covered - lots of growth (didn't boil long enough to kill microbes).
-supported SG 1a: History of Microbiology |
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Spallanzani
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boiled broth in sealed flask, killed bacteria and nothing could float in so stayed unspoiled.
SG people said nothing could grow without oxygen. 1a: History of Microbiology |
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Virchow
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Theory of biogenesis; but needed supporting evidence.
1a: History of Microbiology |
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biogenesis
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Virchow, living cells only arise from other living cells.
1a: History of Microbiology |
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Bassi
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works with silkworm disease, is able to make healthy silkworms sick by transferring exudate from the sick worms.
determined that something alive is responsible for transffering disease. 1a: History of Microbiology |
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Jenner
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humans that had cowpox (milkmaids) didn't get smallpox
- gave cowpox to a boy then later exposed him to smallpox and didn't get smallpox. -first vaccination 1a: History of Microbiology |
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Cohn
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1st bacteriology lab; studied heat-resistant endospores (helped with SG issue later)
1a: History of Microbiology |
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Pasteur
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lots of fun things.
- expands on Spallanzani's work with curve-neck flask. -microbiology god -recognized anaerobic life forms -discovered yeast ferments sugar into alcohol. -discovers sterilization techniques. -improves quality of french wine -identifies cause of silkworm disease as microbial -develops rabies vaccine. -work leads to germ theory of disease 1a: History of Microbiology |
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germ theory
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that there is something specific that causes disease.
1a: History of Microbiology |
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Joe Lister
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developed concept of using disinfectants on wounds.
1a: History of Microbiology |
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Julian Petri
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enclosed sterilized plates.
can cover so oxygen can get in, but bacteria cannot land on what's inside. 1a: History of Microbiology |
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petri dish
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covers so oxygen can get in, but bacteria cannot get onto whats inside.
1a: History of Microbiology |
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Koch
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work focuses on culture, isolation and identification
-developed pure culture methods --surfaces of potatoes, looked at different colonies. --potato is eventually replaced by agar nutrient plates. -worked with anthrax; isolates and reinfects -Koch's postulates. -identifies causes of disease over 7 year span 1a: History of Microbiology |
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Koch's postulates (including exceptions)
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1. Pathogen must be present in all cases of the disease, and absent from healthy individuals
2. Organism must be isolated in pure culture 3. When then introduced into healthy individual, should see symptoms 4. Must be able to be reisolated from the new diseased organism. Challenges 1. problem: opportunistic pathogens (present in healthy) --pathogens that are only activated in the right conditions. 2. 99% of microbes cannot be cultivated. 3. ethics problem! 1a: History of Microbiology |
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Fleming
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discovers antibiotics, penicillin.
1a: History of Microbiology |
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antibiotics
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penicillin, discovered by Fleming
1a: History of Microbiology |
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Ehrlich
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chemotherapy v syphilis
father of immunology 1a: History of Microbiology |
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chemotherapy
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used by Ehrlich
1a: History of Microbiology |
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bacteriology
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study of bacteria
1a: History of Microbiology |
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mycology
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study of fungi
1a: History of Microbiology |
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virology
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study of viruses
1a: History of Microbiology |
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parasitology
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study of parasites
1a: History of Microbiology |
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immunology
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study of the immune system.
1a: History of Microbiology |
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cytoplasmic membrane
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1b: Prokaryotic Forms and Features
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cell wall
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cell wall structures are incredibly different.
1b: Prokaryotic Forms and Features |
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prokaryote
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bacteria and archaea
-cell wall - hopanoid chains (v cholesterol) ----no internal phospholipid bilayer -no nucleus (dna found in neucleoid) -no membrane bound organelles -ribosomes -cytoplasmic membrane -flagella |
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eukaryote
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fungi
-cell wall - cholesterol ( instead of hopanoid chains) ----has internal p -nucleus -no nucleoid -has membrane bound organelles -ribosomes -cytoplasmic membrane -flagella - |
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peptidoglycan
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series of repeating NAGs and NAMs
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