Microbiology Final Exam!!!!!!

Front 1

What is the most common cause of ascending UTI?

Back 1

E.coli

Front 2

This organism produces Urinary Stones (calculi)

Back 2

Proteus Mirabilis

Front 3

T/F
Viruses are one of the greatest causes of UTI.

Back 3

False...
Certain viruses can be recovered from urine in the absence of UT disease

Front 4

This organism has a particular propensity in causing UTI in young sexually active women?

Back 4

Staphylococcus saprophyticus
(just remember vaginal sap... one of the great byproducts of sex)

Front 5

Produces potent urease

Back 5

P. mirabilis

Front 6

These two species are most often associated with UTI in hospitalized pts where their multiple antibiotics resistance can cause tx difficulties?

Back 6

Staphylococcus epidermis and Enterococcus

Front 7

Urease:
acts on what?
causes what?

Back 7

acts on urea to produce ammonia making urine alkaline

Front 8

Certain serotypes of thisvirus has been implicated as a cause of HEMORRHAGIC CYSTITIS.

Back 8

Adenovirus

Front 9

This virus enters the body via the respiratory tract and spread through the body and infect epithelial cells in the kidney tubules and ureter where they estabilsh latency but not infectious virus.

Back 9

Human Polyomaviruses (JC and BK)

Front 10

This rodent borne form of virus infects capillary blood vessels in the kidney and can cause a renal syndrome

Back 10

HANTAvirus

Front 11

T/F
Many different forms of parasites cause UTI.

Back 11

False

Front 12

2 fungi that cause UTI

Back 12

Candida albicans and Histoplasma capsulatum

Front 13

The protozoa that causes urethritis in makes and vaginitis in females

Back 13

Trichomonas vaginalis

Front 14

Infection with this causes inflammation of the bladder.

Back 14

Schistosoma haematobium

Front 15

T/F
A variety of mechanical factors predispose a person to UTI.

Back 15

True
-anything that disrupts NL urine flow or complete emptying of the bladder or facilities access of organisms to the bladder will predispose one to infection.

Front 16

This makes women's UT less effective in avoiding infx

Back 16

Shorter urethra
Sex facilitates the movement of organisms up the urethra (we got screwed... always pee after sex)

Front 17

This makes UTIs more common in male infants.

Back 17

Uncircumcized peniseses-- allows for colonization of the urethra with fecal organisms

Front 18

This may lead to ascent of infection into the kidney

Back 18

residual urine of more than 2-3 mL

Front 19

This problem may lead to obstruction of urine flow and recurrent infx.

Back 19

loss of neurological control of bladder--> residual volume in the bladder

Front 20

This is common in children with anatomic abnormalities of the UT and predisposes them to ascending infx and kidney damage

Back 20

Vesicoureteral Reflux (goes back to the ureters from the bladder)

Front 21

T/F
most urinary pathogens originate in the________, but only special _________ and facultative species such __________ can colonize and infect the UT.

Back 21

fecal flora
aerobic
E.coli

Front 22

Some serotypes of E.coli have particular types of ________ which enable them to adhere to urethral and bladder epithelium.

Back 22

fimbriae

Front 23

Production of _________ by E.coli is linked with the capacity to cause kidney damage.

Back 23

Hemolysin

Front 24

T/F
A healthy UT is resistant to bacterial colonization

Back 24

True

Front 25

Three mechanisms of the UT that dispose of organisms in the urethra.

Back 25

1. pH
2. chemical content
3. flushing mechanism

Front 26

Three clinical features of ACUTE LOWER UTIs.

Back 26

1. dysuria
2. frequency
3. urgency

Front 27

Three features of urine during ACUTE LOWER UTIs

Back 27

1. pyuria
2. hematuria
3. bacteriuria

Front 28

DX of Acute Lower UTI

Back 28

UA/UC

Front 29

This is usually caused by people lacking antibacterial substances normally found in prostatic fluid; usually caused by E.coli

Back 29

Acute Bacterial Prostatis

Front 30

S&S of Acute Bacterial Prostatis

Back 30

fever
back pain
dysuria
frequency

Front 31

The infection has ascended form the bladder to the upper UT and kidney

Back 31

Upper UTIs

Front 32

Infection of the kidney; pt have lower UT symptoms plus fever... (you know this... think CVA tenderness)

Back 32

Pyelonephritis (oh god not again)

Front 33

This is a common case of Pyelonephritis and renal abscesses are usually present

Back 33

Staphylococci

Front 34

Repeated episodes of Pyelonephritis leads to...

Back 34

HTN and loss of fx of renal tissue

Front 35

Pyelonephritis
Lab Findings

Back 35

Bacteriuria- >10^5 org/mL
only one bacteria species

Front 36

Sample collection

Back 36

urine is collected in a sterile container after carfully cleansing the external genitalia with soap and HOH and after allowing the first part of the urine to be voided to wash out the urethral contaminants
(babies get a U bag)
(catheter w/ syringe is also acceptable)

Front 37

Tx of UTI

Back 37

Antibacterail agents
(Augmentin)

Front 38

Prevention of UTI

Back 38

regularly emptying the bladder(especially after sex)
prophylactic use of Abx may prevent recurrent infx
reduce infx by good catheter care proceedures