Microbiology Final Driver

Front 1

Common bacteria found on skin

Back 1

Gram positive cocci
staphlococci
micrococci

Front 2

Some of these rods such as _______ are anaerobic and inhabit the bottom of hair follicles

Back 2

Propionibacterium acnes

Front 3

Coagulase negative stains such as ______ ______ are very common inhabitants of the skin. They are often found colonizing areas where medical appliances are inserted into the body.

Back 3

Staphylococcus epidermis

Front 4

_____ _____ produces a slime that helps it adhere to the surface of objects once settled it can divide producing a biofilm which is resistant to disinfectants

Back 4

Staphylococcus epidermis

Front 5

*These cells form yellow colonies on agar.
* Produce coagulase
* Causes a large number of nosicomial infections
*Biggest concern rise in resistance to many common antibiotics

Back 5

Staphylococcus aureus

Front 6

Infections caused by _____ _____
1) Furuncles (boils) a type of abscess
2) Folliculitis (pimples)

Back 6

Staphylococcus aureus

Front 7

Acne is the result of many factors that when combined with the presence of _____ ____ results in acne

Back 7

Propionibacterium acnes

Front 8

Impetigo

Back 8

bacterial skin infection
results in skin flaking or peeling off
Extremely contagious
STAYPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS
STREPTOCOCCUS PYOGENES

Front 9

CELLULITIS

Back 9

Inflammation of connective tissue underlying skin
*pain, tenderness, swelling, warmth
*red lines leading away from infected area.
STAYPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS
STREPTOCOCCUS PYOGENES

Front 10

GAS GANGRENE
progress to toxemia & shock gas gangrene

Back 10

CLOSTRIDIUM PERFRINGENS

Front 11

CHICKEN POX

Back 11

Spread through respiratory tract. Fluid from sores extremely contagious. Infections 5 days before rash.

Varicella-zoster virus (VZV)
human herpes virus 3 (HHV-3)

Front 12

SMALL POX

Back 12

Rash begins in throat most people not immune (military 1st responders)

*Fever, fatigue & later rash begins in pharynx spreads to face & extremities.
*NO TREATMENT
*Variola Virus

Front 13

MEASLES (RUBEOLA)

Back 13

Morbillivirus

*Red spots, bluish white center in mouth, Starts red fades to brown.

Front 14

RUBELLA

Back 14

German measles
*Rash on face spreads to trunk & limbs.
*Pregnant congenital rubella syndrome. Spontaneous abortion

Rubella Virus

Front 15

WARTS

Back 15

Cauliflower or solid blister

Human papillomavirus (HPV)

Front 16

COLD SORES

Back 16

HSV-1
lesions on outer red margin of lips
80% by HSV-1
incubation 2-12 days
lesions last 1-2 wks

Front 17

GENITAL LESIONS

Back 17

HSV-2
can be spread without visible lesions
one of the most common STD's in the world.

Front 18

YEAST INFECTIONS

Back 18

Candida albicans

Thrush
Vaginitis

Front 19

SCABIES

Back 19

Sarcoptes scabiei

Intense local itching caused by a MITE burrowing under the skin to lay eggs.

Front 20

RINGWORM

Back 20

Dermatophytes
Microsporum and Trichophyton

caused by fungi (tinea) in scalp

Red rash with elevated, wavy or worm shaped border.

Front 21

Bacterial meningitis

Back 21

1) Streptococcus pneumonia (30-50%) Mortality=19-46%

2) Neisseria meningitis (15-40%) Mortality=3-17% College, Loss of limbs

3) Haemophilus influenzae (2-7%) Mortality=3-11%

Infection of CNS: fever, headache & stiff neck, n/v

Front 22

Haemophilus influenza

Back 22

Aerobic gram negative
Effects small children
H. influenza meningitis occurs in children under 6 months

Front 23

Neisseria meningitis
(meningococcal meningitis)

Back 23

Aerobic, gram negative cocci
Rash, begins as sore throat then a bacteremia and eventually meningitis. Children can have deafness. Colleges vacinate. Loss of limbs.

Front 24

Streptococcus pneumonia

Back 24

pneumonococcal meningitis
Most deadly
leading cause of bacterial meningitis

Front 25

Listeriosis

Back 25

Listeria monocytogenes

Food borne pathogen. Found in soil or water. 4th leading cause of bacterial meningitis. Pregnant women do not eat soft cheese dairy often the cause.

Front 26

Tetanus

Back 26

Clostridium tetani

Toxemia-prevents relaxation in muscles causing spasms:LOCKJAW
Death results from spasms in the respiratory muscles

Front 27

Botulism

Back 27

Clostridium botulinum
Causes 3 diseases:
1) Food poisoning-spores in soil contaminated food.
2) Infant botulism-ingested spores. No honey or cornsyrup
3) Wound botulism-spores enter wound
Death usually occurs in hours from respiratory disorder

Front 28

Leprosy

Back 28

Mycobacterium leprae

Tuberculoid-superficial infection without skin disfigurement which damages nerves and causes loss of pain perception.

Lepromatous-a deeply nodular infection that causes severe disfigurement of the face and extremities.

Front 29

Rabies

Back 29

Furious form-agitation, disorientation, seizure, twitching, hydrophobia.

Dumb form-paralyzed stuporous

Infection of brain tissue. Holes in the brain. Fatal within a few days after symptoms present.

Almost 100% fatal.
Bullet shaped enveloped virions

Front 30

Cryptococcosis

Back 30

Cryptococcus neoformans meningitis
Spherical fungi with a huge capsule.

*Common inhabitant of the soil and is usually found pigeon roosts.
*Inhalation of infected pigeon droppings.
*Can progress to chronic meningitis

Front 31

African-trypanosiasis

Back 31

Trypanosoma brucei
"sleeping sickness"
Transmitted by TSETSE FLY

Front 32

Creutzfeldt-Jakob

Back 32

Caused by prions: Infectious proteins

Long incubation period. Damage to CNS is slow and progressive

Autopsies=spongiform degeneration of the brain and the presence of fibrils.

Front 33

Tetanus

Back 33

Clostridium tetani

Toxemia-prevents relaxation in muscles causing spasms:LOCKJAW
Death results from spasms in the respiratory muscles

Front 34

Botulism

Back 34

Clostridium botulinum
Causes 3 diseases:
1) Food poisoning-spores in soil contaminated food.
2) Infant botulism-ingested spores. No honey or cornsyrup
3) Wound botulism-spores enter wound
Death usually occurs in hours from respiratory disorder

Front 35

Leprosy

Back 35

Mycobacterium leprae

Tuberculoid-superficial infection without skin disfigurement which damages nerves and causes loss of pain perception.

Lepromatous-a deeply nodular infection that causes severe disfigurement of the face and extremities.

Front 36

Rabies

Back 36

Furious form-agitation, disorientation, seizure, twitching, hydrophobia.

Dumb form-paralyzed stuporous

Infection of brain tissue. Holes in the brain. Fatal within a few days after symptoms present.

Almost 100% fatal.
Bullet shaped enveloped virions

Front 37

Cryptococcosis

Back 37

Cryptococcus neoformans meningitis
Spherical fungi with a huge capsule.

*Common inhabitant of the soil and is usually found pigeon roosts.
*Inhalation of infected pigeon droppings.
*Can progress to chronic meningitis

Front 38

African-trypanosiasis

Back 38

Trypanosoma brucei
"sleeping sickness"
Transmitted by TSETSE FLY

Front 39

Creutzfeldt-Jakob

Back 39

Caused by prions: Infectious proteins

Long incubation period. Damage to CNS is slow and progressive

Autopsies=spongiform degeneration of the brain and the presence of fibrils.

Front 40

Tularemia

Back 40

Francisella tularensis

Spread by TICKS
reservoir host-animals, prairie dogs
*headache, fatigue, dizziness, muscle pains, loss of appetite and nausea
*Inflammation spreads to lymph nodes

Front 41

Plague

Back 41

Yersinia pestis
bubonic-rodents & fleas
Black death-septicemic plague
Pneumonic plague-person to person

Front 42

Relapsing fever

Back 42

Borrelia hermsii-US (ticks)
B. recurrentis-Europe (lice)

Arthropod vectors: lice & ticks
Repeated episodes of fever and flu like symptoms

Front 43

Lyme disease

Back 43

Lyme borreliosis
lxodes scapelarius and lxodes pacificus

#1 Vector born disease in US
Bull's eye rash called an erathema migrans

White footed mouse

Front 44

Cat-Scratch Disease

Back 44

Bortonella henselae

Cat scratch fever presents with tender regional swollen lymph nodes, pus filled papules at the site of inoculation slight fever.

Front 45

Anthrax

Back 45

Bacillus anthracis
3Types
1) Cutaneous-Painless sore (black)
2)GI-undercooked food contamination w/spores
3) Inhalation-"Wool sorters disease"

Front 46

Endemic Typus

Back 46

Rickettsia prowazekii

Transmitted by lice
"trench fever"
Disease killed Ann Frank
Fever lasts 2wks accompanied by rash of red spots caused by subcutaneous hemorrhaging

Front 47

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

Back 47

Rickettsia rikettsii

Transmitted by TICKS
Mascular rash that looks like measles appears on the palms and soles unlike measles. Most common in Southwestern US

Front 48

Burkitt's Lymphoma

Back 48

Epstein-Barr virus
Tumor of the jaw
Herpes like virus

Most common childhood cancer in Africa

Front 49

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Infections

Back 49

Herpes V
Very common in daycare facilities. Almost everyone will become infected by death.

STORCH disease

Front 50

Hemorrhagic Fever

Back 50

Yellow-Fever Arbo virus
zoonotic disease
mosquito bites

1st stage-fever, chills & headache, n/v

2nd stage-Jaundice

Front 51

Chaga's Disease

Back 51

Trypanosoma cruzi

kissing bug bites around mouth
-southern Texas, Mexico, Central America, South America

-Progresses very slowly. Takes many years for symptoms to show

Front 52

Toxoplasmosis

Back 52

Toxoplasma gondii

#1 way to get infected fruits/veg
-digestive tracts of cats
-congenital infection of a fetus that could result in still birth or severe birth defects.

Front 53

Malaria

Back 53

Plasmodium falciparium

Chills, fever, vomiting, severe headaches.

Transmitted by Mosquito's

Front 54

Sepsis

Back 54

Group B Streptococci (GBS)
S. agalactiae
Enterococci (E. faecium) & (E. faecalis)

nosocomial sepsis

Front 55

Signs and Symptoms of Sepsis

Back 55

1st-evidence of infection & an inflammatory response caused by release of cytokines

2nd-severe sepsis-failure of one or more organs, lowered BP

3rd-septic shock-low BP can no longer be controlled by fluid therapy

Front 56

Strep throat

Back 56

Streptococcus pyogenes

Scarlet fever-strawberry tongue

Front 57

Diptheria

Back 57

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

*pseudomembrane in throat can eventually block passage of air to the lungs.

Front 58

Otitis media

Back 58

Earaches
* S. pneumoniae
*H. influenza
*Moraxella catarrhalis
*S. pyogenes

Front 59

Common Cold

Back 59

Rhinovirus & Coronaviruses

*sneezing, post-nasal drip and congestion.

Front 60

Whooping cough
Pertussins

Back 60

Bordetella pertussis

mucous is no longer mover it accumulates & the person tries to cough it up gasping for air in between fits of coughing.

Front 61

Tuberculosis

Back 61

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

*cough w/bloody spuctum
*night sweats
* 1/3 of population has been infected

Front 62

Pneumococcal pneumonia

Back 62

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Infected alveoli of lung filled with fluids interferes with oxygen uptake

Front 63

Influenza (flu)

Back 63

Influenza A=birds
Influenza B=humans

Chills, fever, headache and muscle aches.

Front 64

Pneumonocystis pneumonia

Back 64

Pneumocystis jiroveci fungus

Front 65

Dental caries

Back 65

Streptococcus mutans biofilm

1) Teeth
2) bacteria
3) fermented sugar
4) Time

Front 66

Typhoid Fever

Back 66

Salmonella Typhi

Typhoid Mary
Intense fever
Distended abdomin
green diarrhea
Stage 3: Death, intestinal hemmorghaging

Stage 4-recovery

Front 67

Chloera

Back 67

Vibrio cholerae

"Rice water stools"
12-20 liters fluid lost
People can die within 1hr
Rehydration therapy

Front 68

Peptic Ulcers (PUD)

Back 68

Helicobacter pylori
Stomach ulcer

H. pylori carcinogenic bacteria develop gastric cancer.
*contracted by eating contaminated food.
*spread by oral/fecal contamination

Front 69

Hepatitis A

Back 69

Picornaviridae
Acute Food poisoning

Front 70

Hepatitis B

Back 70

Hepadnaviridae

sexual contact

Front 71

Hepatitis C

Back 71

Flaviviridae

Similar to HBV more likely to become chronic. Most virulent form persistant infections.

Front 72

Tapeworms

Back 72

by eating contaminated foods larvae eggs are ingested.

Eggs hatch into a larval form called a CYSTICERCUS. Adult beef tapeworms- TAENIA SAGINATA

Front 73

Pinworms

Back 73

Enterobius vermicularis

lay eggs on perianal skin. Eggs hatch in the morning

Front 74

Trichinosis

Back 74

Trichinella spiralis

consumption of undercooked pork. Roundworms burrow into the intestinal mucosae of organisms and produce larvae in the GI tract that move through the bloodstream & lymphatic system

Front 75

Amoebic dysentery

Back 75

Diarrhea containing blood and mucus

Front 76

bladder infection

Back 76

most infections caused by E. Coli

Front 77

Gonorrhea

Back 77

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

once invasion has occurred inflammation ensues & leukocytes move into the inflamed area and pus formation results.

Women-Pelvic Inflammatory Disease can result if untreated

Front 78

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)

Back 78

N. Gonorrhoeae & C. trachomatis

A term used to describe any infection of the female pelvic organs. uterus, cervix, uterine tubes or ovaries. Scarring that can block the passage of ova from the ovary to the uterus, and possibly lead to sterility

Front 79

Syphilis

Back 79

Treponema pallidum

A small chancre (sore) appearing at the site of infection. Painless-fluid forms in center. Highly infectious.

Secondary syphilis-most contagious. Rash on trunks/limbs

Tertiary/Congenital syphillis-GUMMAS-result of localized tissue destruction.

Front 80

Genital Herpes

Back 80

HSV-2
HSV-1 20% of cases
Genital lesions appear 1wk after exposure. Urination can be painful, walking can be uncomfortable.
*Like cold sore-resurface
*No Cure

Front 81

Genital Warts

Back 81

human papillomavirus (HPV)
Typically go away after a few months, can last for years and re-occur.