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34 Cards in this Set
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What are the 5 Classes of Respiratory Viruses
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Paramyxoviruses
Picornaviruses Adenoviruses Coronaviruese Orthomyxoviruses |
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Picornaviruses
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I. Enteroviruese
- Poliovirus - Coxsackie A - Coxsackie B - ECHOvirus - Enterovirus -Hap A II. Rhinovirus - Common Cold (120 type) |
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Hepatitis
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- acute
- inflammation - malase - hepatomagly - Juadence - Fever tiher - elevated liver Serology is used to |
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Acute vs Cronic Hepatitis
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Actue
- strong, effective antiviral respose to Cronic - inevective, ineffective or partical reciptance (to antiveral durgs) |
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RNA Viruses
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- Usually RNA
- Usually single stranded - Double standed (Reovirad) - 5-3 (+) - 3-5 (-) |
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Acute Hepatitis
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Gets really Sick, occures suddenly and really strong
-distroyes hepatic cells to the point of disterbance |
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Chronic Hepatitis
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-active disease for more than 6 months
- Hep B - Hep C - Hep D 2 Chronic - Chronic persistant - inflamation in heptatic - Chronic Active - spread to liver Potal Veins |
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Hepatitis A
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- Acute (15-20 days)
- Fulminant, Hepatic Failure, Relapse - Transmit - Close contact - Fecal oral - Sexually - Pravention - Vaccination - No Treatment - Risk - Travelers to HIV area - Homo/bisexual - Chronic Liver Dissesa - Drug Users - Native Americans, Alaskian, - Naked, Icosahedral Capside, (+) RNA - Anti-HAV IgM = Acute - Anti- HAV IgG= Old Infection - Antibodies Prevent Relapse |
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Hepatitis B
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- Chronic (> 6 months)
- Asymptamatic (show No antibodies for HBsAG) - Persistant: In Portal Track - Active: Necrosis of Liver - If develop Fulminant Hepatitis get Ballooning Degeneration - Transmit - Blood 2 Blood - Mother to Child via Placenta - Prevention - Vaccine, New Born (HBIg givin w/in 12hrs) - Prolification - In all body fluids - No Treatment - Chronic = Councilman Body (Biopsy) - Identified by Serology - Co-infection w/Hep D - Structure - Leosahedral Enveloped capsid, Double Stranded Circular DNA - HBsAg = Disease (Acute or Chronic - Anti-HBsAg = Immune, Cure, No Active Disease - HBcAg = Care of Hep B virus - Acute = IgM anti HBcAg - Chronic = IgG anti-HBcAg - HBcAg = core of Hep B virus - Acute = IgM anti HBcAg - Chronic = IgG anti-HBcAg - HBeAg = Hight Infection Active disease - Anti- HbeAg = Low Infection |
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Hepatitis C
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- Chronic
- Incubation = 6-7 weeks - Transmission - Blood - Risk Factors - Transfusion - Transplant from Infected Peps - Hemodialysis - Sexual/Household (Anti- HCV+) - Mom 2 Baby via placenta - Prevention - No Vaccine - Screening of Blood, Organ, tissue Donors - Complications - Cirrhosis - PHC (Primary Hepatocellular carcinoma) - Persesistant Infection - Jaundice - Structure - Enveloped Icosahedral, RNA |
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Hepatitis D
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- Co infection w/Hepatitis B
- Transmission - Percutaneos- IV Drug users - Permueosal - Sex - Acute - Antibody HBsAg= Protection against both B and D - Without HBV = HDV is non infections - SuperInfection - HDV infects p/t w/chronic HBV - No Anti-HBsAg (Chronic infection for Both) - Infection - Fulminant - Cirrhosis - Death - Serology Not Best - IgM and IgG anti-HDV last short period of TIme - No TREATMENT |
HBV+ HDV= Big Bad Dude
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Hepatitis E
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- Incubation (40 days)
- Transmission - Fecal Oral - Risk Factors - Illness increases with AGE - Women who are Pregnant - Travelers (Endemic Areas) - No Chronic Stage - Complication = Hepatitis (like A) |
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Measles (Rubeola)
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- One Serotype
- Family - Paramyxovirus - (-) Stranded RNA, Single stranded, Not Segmented - Incubation - 7-18 Days - Disease Stages 1. Begins in URT (Upper Respirator Track) - Hacking Cough - Malaise - Rhinitis - High Fever (105) - Conjunchvitis - Photophobia 2. 1-3 Days Later (Virus spreads by Blood stream and Lymphatics) - Vesicles Form = Korlik's Spots (IN MOUTH) - Red outside Lession with Blue White centers - Transmission occurs at this Stage 3. After Koplik's Spots - Rash Appears - Red Bimpy/Fluid 4. Begins in Face and Neck and Extremeties - Diagnostic - Virus Isolated from Blood and Other Body Sites - NOT From Rash - Complications - Encephalomyelitis - Subacute Sclerosing PanencEphalitis (SSPE) - Atypical Slow Virus - Persistent Measles Infection - 5-10 yr old (most common) - Develop Several years after measles illness - USUALLY IMMUNOCOMPRIMISED P/T - Not Immunized p/t - Develop (AMS) - (Atypical Measles Syndroms) - high fever cough abdominal pain Rash 1-2 days on limbs, (Pneumonia Comea) - Prevention -MMR Vaccine (Live Attenuated) |
Spots
- Cop licks Red Lolipop (White) |
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Mumps
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- One serotype
- Humans are the only Reservor - Predominantly in 5-15 yr Old - Incabation - 12 -29 days - Transmission - Direct Contact - Respiratory deoplets - Saliva - Possibly Urine - Disease Stages 1. Initial Repication - URT - Transmission occurs prior to disease Manifestation 2. Virus Spread - Swelling of Parotid Gland and Pain and Salivary glands - Prevention - MMR vaccine (live Attenuated) - @ 1 yr old and Booster @ 7 years - Complication - Orchitis (Inflammation of Testes) - Oophoritis (Inflammation of ovaries) - Aseptic Meningitis - Meningoecephalitis - severe Infection to CNS - Less Common - Unilateral Nerve Deafness - Thyroiditis - Nephritis - Paramyxovirus, (-) RNA Strand, 3-5 (HELICAL) - NO Treatment |
I got my mumps because of my Bumps
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Respiratory Synctial Virus (RSV)
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- Respiratory Infection
- #1 cause of Pneumonia (Giant Cells in lung Tissue) in Young CHILDREN, especially Infants < 6 months - Highly contagious = Winter & Spring - Previaisly Infected NOT entirely immune b/c limited to URT - Family - Paracimyxovirus - Clinical Manifestations - Chest wall retractions - Expiratory Wheezing, Prelonged Expiration - Croupy Cough - Hypoxemia and Cyanosis - Nasal Flaring - Hospitalized p/t v/RSV get Isolated - Prevention - Synagis for high risk Premature baby - NO Vaccine b/c no Ab produced - Frequent Washing of Hands - Anti- G Protein |
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Parovovirus (BI9)
- Slapped Cheek Disease |
- Slapped Cheek Disease =
Erythaema Infectisum - Structure - Icosahedral Virus, Single Stranded DNA - Broad Cell Tropism - Infect Rapidly/ Tissue - Fetus, Intestinal Epithelium, Hematopoietic System (Serious if person have Sickle Cell Anemia which transient aplastic Anemia) Stop Production of RBC's - NOTX - Immunecompromised pt immune globulins used |
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Adenovirus
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- Structure
- Double Stranded DNA - Icosahedral Symmetry - Clinical Manifestations - Most Common - Acute Respiratory = Disease of Recruits - Pharyngo Conjunctival Fever - Conjunctivitis - Nobacterial Pheumonia (in Infants) - Epidemic Kerato Conjuctivitis (Pinkeye) - Rhinitis - Sore Throat and Fever - Treatment - Illness is self limited |
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Coxsackievirus (A&B)
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- Common = Aseptic Meningitis
- Mild Paresis (Paralysis) not permanent - Cause febrile summer or Fall illnesses |
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Coxsackievirus A
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- Herpangia (Vesicular Phargnitis)
- Gray White vesicles w/RED areola - In Posterior Oral Cavity - Hand-Foot & Mouth Disease= Oral & Pharyngeal Ulcers and Vesicular Rash or Palms & Soles spreads to Arms & Legs - Associated with Upper Respiratory infection - Variant After 24 (enterovirus 70)= Acute Hemorrhagic conjunctivitis |
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Coxsackievirus B
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- Pleurodynia (Bornholm Disease)
- Acute, Secere Paroxysmal (Sharp Spasm or Convulsion) Chest Pain, That's increase by deep breathing or movement - General Disease of newborn - 1st week born= No Appetite, Cough, Vomit, Myocarditis or Pericarditis - Cause 1 primary - Myocardial Disease in adults - Affect all 3 tissues of Heart |
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Rhinovirus
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- Common Cold
- Picornavirus - Icosahedral, ssRNA - Transmited Via - Hand to Hand - Mucous membrane Secretions |
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Coronavirus
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- Cause Common Cold
- Enveloped, Spherical, Pedunculated, Club Shape = CROWN, SS (+) RNA |
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SARS
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- Family
- Respiratory infection caused by coronavirus - 1st case CHINA - Structure - ssRNA - Symthoms - Headache, Malaise, Myalgias, Fever (>100.4), Dry non- productive cough = Symptoms - Severe Case - Hypoxia, Dyspnea - Diagnose - Serum Ab Tests, RT-PCR - Highly Contagious - |
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Herpes
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- Latent, Recurrent, Associated with
immunocompromised Host - Structure - Enveloped, Icosahedral Capsid, Linear DNA (HCMV Structure) - Transmit - Infected secretions |
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HSV-1
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- ORAL AND OCULAR LESIONS
- Viral Encephalitis Results of HSV-1 - Ab-HSV1 present 90% people - Above the Waist= Skin&Mucus membrane lesions - Symptoms - Gingivastomatitis, (Herpatic Stomatis, Vesicular Ulceration, Mouth & Tongue, Mucocutaneous Borders of Mouth, Herpeslabialis (cold sores), Herpescornealis (Corneal Ulcers or Dendritic Kiratitis = Blindness) |
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HSV-2
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- GENITAL AND ANAL LESIONS
- Below the waist - Recurrence Common - Lesions Severe - 1st episode - Neonatal Herpes = Disseminate - Exposed in Birth Canal - Open Lesions = C- section - Ulcerating vesicular lesions = Painful, Burning, Itching w/Urination - Treatment - Acyclovir |
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Influenza Type A
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- Family
- Orthomyxovirus - Infects humans, ether Mammals + Birds - Complication - Elderly + Immunocompromized pt Suffer more serious illness as virus spreads to lower respiratory track, Resulting in PNEUMONIA - Secondary PNEUMONIA leads to S.aureus + S. pneumonae - Structure - (+) Strand (RNA) - Contain 2 types of Glycoprotein spikes 1. Hemagglutinin Activity (HA) - Attaches to host Sialic Acid Receptors which are present in RBC + URT cell membrane 2. Neuromindase Active (NA) - It is a component of MUCIN - Mucin = Substance that covers epithelial cells of host URT - Sympthoms - Laryngitis, Fever, Muscle Aches Loss of Appetite - Treatment - Give Acetaminophen (Tylenol) to Children w/ Influenza - If given Asprin - Cause Preyes Syndrome severe Brain + Liver disease when they have FLU or Varicella) - Prevention - Influenza Vaccine - Influenza undergoes Antigenic drifting (A+B) - Antigen Shift (A only) can cause Avian Flu = H5N1 - Lab Diagnosis - Viral culture (Virus Isolation) - Elisa - RT-PCR - Serology leads to Anti-Hemoaggutin AB titer - Neuraminidase inhibitior - Zanamivir + Oseltamivir |
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HIV
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- Structure
- Retrovirus (spherical (Eveloped)) - (-) or (+) RNA strand - Mode of Enter - Enters Host + acts as mRNA - has its own Reverse Transcriptase + Enzymes - Viral RNA turns into vDNA (Viral DNA) then incorpirates itself into Host DNA - Host Cell which contains the vDNA lays Dormant until 2nd Infection activates its - Then the Host cell usually (T Cells) is targeted by own Cytotoxic Helper T-Cells - Infected T Cell destroyed they release the vDNA which now infect new cells which cause declined CD-4 counts - 2 Types - HIV 1 = Most Common in USA - HIV 2 = Western Africa - Disease - AIDS - CD-4 count <200 - Kaposi's Sarcoma (Malignant) which is 4 to 5 years after infection (Usually have HHV -8 (New Hepeis Virus) High Ab to HHV-8) - Pneumocystisis Carihii - Proned to oppertunistic Infections - Toxoplama Gondii - Cryptocaccus neoformans (Most common secondary infection) - <50 of CD-4 Count - PT infected w/ Avian Mycobacteria - Risk Factor - Homosexuals - IV Drug Users - Developing Areas (Africa) - Transplants - Blood Transfusion - Diagnostics - PCR - Western Blot - ELISA Clinical Fetures - Acute infections: Resemble mononucleosis and influenza. Observed 1-6 weeks after infection.(self limiting) -Persistent Lymphadenopathy (Swollen lymph nodes) -Weight loss, fever,diarrhea, fatigue and malaise. -TREATMENT: anti-viral therapy -RNA transcriptase inhibitor -Protease inhibitor -HAART: Highly Active anti-Retrovirus therapy |
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Yersinia Pestis
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- Bubonic Phague
- Small Gram (-) Bacilli - Infected Flea Bite - in Pneumonic form spread from man to man - Acquire thru ded animals - 2 Forms 1. Bubonic = Replicate in Macrophages in lymphnode "Bubo" 2. Pneumonic= Person 2 Person spread - Treatment - Streptomycin & Tetracycline - Diagnosis - Gram Stain from Buboes |
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Papovavirus SV40 & Papilloma
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- Non-enveloped, dsDNA viruses
- Causative agent of Common Warts |
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Hepatitis B Virus
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- HBV replication cycle - RNA to DNA
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Epstein Barr Virus (Herpesvirus)
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- Cause
- Burkitt's lymphoma (east Africa) - Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma (Southern China) - Co-Factors - Plasmodium species that cause Malaria |
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Human Herpes Virus 8 (HHV-8)
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- Kaposi's Sarcoma
- Only in Immunocompromised patients - Sexually Transmitted |
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Viruses that Cause Cancer in Humans
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- Human Papilloma Virus (HPV)
- Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) - Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) - Numan Herpes Virus -8 HHV-8 - Human T cell leukemia Virus 1 & 2 (HTLV1/HTLV2) |
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