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107 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the two phyla belonging to the Domain Archaea?
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Crenarchaeota
Euryarchaeota |
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Give 3 examples of Genus in the Phylum Crenarchaeota.
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Genus Sulfolobus
Genus Thermoproteus Geogemma pacifica |
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Descrption of Genus Sulfolobus
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Thermoacidophilic
Chemolithoautotrophic: Sulfur as electron donor, Oxygen, or Ferric Iron as electron acceptor Organotrophic, with oxygen as electron acceptor (Sulfolobus could use sulfur as an electron donor but not an electron acceptor) |
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Description of Genus Thermoproteus
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Thermoacidiphilic
Chemolithoautotrophic, wiht sulfur or hydrogen as electron donor or Heterotrophic, using sulfur as an electron acceptor (Thermoproteus can use sulfur as an electron donor or electron acceptor) |
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Description of Geogemma pacifica
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Chemolithoautotrophic using hydrogen as an electron donor, Ferric Iron as an electron acceptor
Isolated from a hydrothermal vent, can grow at 121 C |
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Name 5 groups of microorganisms that belong in the Phylum Eury archaeota
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Methanogens
Halophilic Archaea (Halobacteriales) Thermoplasma Extremely thermophilic sulfur metabolizers sulfate-reducing euryarchaeotes |
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Description of Methanogens
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Anaerobic
Produce methane from carbon dioxide and hydrogen (autotrophic methanogens),or from formate, methanol or acetate |
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Descripton of Halophilic Archaea (Halobacteriales)
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Aerobic, chemoorganotrophs
Extreme halophiles, cells burst in absence of salt, optimum between 3-4M NaCl |
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Description of Thermoplasma
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Thermoacidophiles
Lack cell wall |
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Extremely thermophilic sulfur metabolizers
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e.g. Thermococci
Thermophilic Chemoorganotrophic uses Sulfur as an electron acceptor |
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Description of Sulfate-reducing Euryarchaeotes
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Thermophilic
Sulfate-reducing uses sulfate as an electron acceptor grows autotrophically(on H2 as an electron donor and CO2 as a carbon source)or Heterotrophically on lactate as an electron donor |
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Example of Sulfate-reducing Euryarchaeote
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Genus Archaeoglobus
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Descriptionm of phylum Aquificae
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Thermophilic
Microaerophilic Chemolithoautotrophic,uses hydrogen, thiosulfate, and sulfur as electron donor, uses oxygen as electron acceptor |
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Name one genus belonging to the Phylum Aquificae
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Aquifex
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Description of Phylum Thermotogae
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Thermophilic
Heterotrophic Anaerobic fermentative bacteria |
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Describe Phylum Deinococcus-Thermus
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Mesophilic
Aerobic chemoorganotrophic Extremely resistant to radiation |
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Description of Phylum chlorobi
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Anoxygenic phototrophs
Photolithoautotrophic,uses H2S, S, or H2 as electron donors for photosynthesis Deposits sulfur globules outside the cell |
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What Phylum does the green sulfur bacteria belong to?
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Phylum Chlorobi
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What Phylum does the green nonsulfur belong to?
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Phylum Chloroflexi
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Name 2 genus that belong to the Phylum Chloroflexi
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Genus Chloroflexi
Genus Herpetosiphon |
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Description of Genus Chloroflexi
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Anoxygenic phototroph
Photoheterotrophic but can grow in the dark as heterotroph Thermophilic Gliding motility |
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Description of Herpetosiphon
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Non-photosynthetic
Chemoorganotrophic Aerobic |
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Description of Phylum Cyanobacteria
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Oxygenic phototrophs
Use water as an electron donor for photosynthesis, produce oxygen Use Calvin cycle to fix CO2 |
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Description of Phylum Planctomycetes
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Aerobic
Heterotrophic Have a nucleoid Many have intracellular compartmentalization |
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Description of Phylum chlamydia
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Aerobic
Heterotrophic Oligate intracellular parasite Have a life cycle with two forms: Elementary bodies and Reticulate bodies |
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Description of Phylum Spirochaetes
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Chemoheterotrophs
Aerobic or Anaerobic Creeping motility Has periplasmic flagella called axial filaments |
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Name 3 classes that belong to the Phylum Bacteroidetes
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Class Bacteroides
Class Sphingobacteria Class Flavobacteria |
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Name a genus belonging to the Class Bacteroides
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Genus Bacteroides
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Name a genus belonging to the Class Sphingobacteria
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Genus Cytophaga
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Name a genus belonging to the Class Flavobacteria
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Genus Flavobacterium
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Description of the Class Bacteroides
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Anaerobic
Heterotrophic Fermentative Often found in oral cavity and intestinal tract of humans and other animals. Degrades complex organic matter. |
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Description of the Class Sphingobacteria
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Aerobic
Heterotrophic Degrades complex organic matter Uses gliding motility |
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Class Flavobacteria
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Aerobic
Heterotrophic Cannot degrade complex organic matters |
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Name the 5 classes that belong to the Phylum Proteobacteria
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Alpha
Beta Gamma Delta Epsilon |
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Name 5 groups of microorganisms that belong to the class alpha proteobacteria
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Purple non-sulfur bacteria
Rickettsia Caulobacteriaceae and hyphomicrobium Rhizobiaceae Nitrifying bacteria |
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Description of purple non-sulfur bacteria
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Anoxygenic photoheterotrophs,
but metabolically flexible, in absence of light some can grow as aerobic heterotrophic microorganisms,or as anaerobic fermentative microorganisms |
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Description of Rickettsia
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Obligate intracellular parasites
Rickettsia escapes the phagosomes Live in cytoplasm |
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Description of Coxiella
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Gamma proteobacteria
Obligate intracellular parasite Coxiella stays in the phagosome |
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Description of Caulobacteriacea and hyphomicrobium
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Caulobacteriaceae has a stalk
Hyphomicrobium has a prostheca Both reproduce by budding Grow in oligotrophic environments Hyphomicrobium:buds from a prostheca Caulobacter:complex life cycle |
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Name 2 genus that belong to Rhizobiaceae
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Genus Rhizobium
Genus Agrobacterium |
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Description of Genus Rhizobium
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Symbiotic nitrogen fixing microorganism
Useful association with roots |
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Description of Genus Agrobacterium
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Plant pathogen
Causes tumor like formations in plants |
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Description of Nitrifying Bacteria
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belong to alpha, beta and gamma proteobacteria
Chemolithoautotrophic, collectively oxidize ammonia to nitrate Some use ammonia as an electron donor, oxidize it to nitrite, others oxidize nitrite to ammonia |
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Bacteria that oxidizes ammonia to nitrite
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NitrosoXXX
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Bacteria that oxidizes nitrite to nitrate
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NitroXXX
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Name 3 Orders belonging to the Class Beta-Proteobacteria
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Neisseriales
Burkholderiales Hydrogenophilales |
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Name a genus belonging to the Order Neisseriales
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Genus Neisseria
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Description of Order Neisseriales
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Aerobic
Heterotrophic Inhabitants of mucous membranes of mammals Some are pathogenic |
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Name a genus that belongs to the order Burkholderiales
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Genus Burkholderia
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Description of the Order Burkholderiales
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Aerobic
Heterotrophic |
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Description of Burkholderia cepacia
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degrades hundreds of organic compounds,plant pathogen, and a human nosocomial pathogen
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Name a genus that belongs to the order Hydrogenophilales
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Genus Thiobacillus
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Description of the order Hydrogenophilales
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Chemolithoautotrophs uses sulfur compounds as an electron donor
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Name 4 colorless sulfur bacteria that belong to the class Gamma proteobacteria
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Thiomicrospira
Thiospira Beggiatoa Macronomas |
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Name 2 colorless sulfur bacteria that belong to the class Epsilon proteobacteria
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Nautilia
Caminibacter |
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Name 6 orders of the Class Gamma Proteobacteria
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Chromatiales
Methylococcales Pseudomonadales Vibrionales Enterobacteriales Pasteurellales |
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What order does the purple sulfur-bacteria belong to?
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Chromatiales
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Description of purple sulfur-bacteria
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Anoxygenic phototrophs
Photolithoautotrophs,uses H2S or H2 as electron donors Deposit sulfur granules internally |
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Description of the Order Methylococcales
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Aerobic
Heterotrophic Methlyotrophic:use reduced one-carbon compounds (mainly methane, but also methanol and formate) as sole carbon and energy source |
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Description of Order Pseudomonadales
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Aerobic
Heterotrophic Degrades hundreds of different organic compounds Some are nosocomial pathogens |
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Description of Order Vibrionales
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Aerobic
Heterotrophic Mostly aquatic, free living, or symbiotic e.g. in luminous organs in fish. |
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Description of Enterobacteriales
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Chemoorganotrophs
Aerobic or facultative anaerobic Important pathogenss |
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Name a microorganism that belongs to the order Enterobacteriales
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Escherichia coli
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Description of Order Pasteurellales
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Aerobic
Chemoorganotrophic |
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Microorganisms belonging to the Order Pasteurellales that are pathogenic
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Pasteurella multiocida
Haemophilus influenzae |
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Name 3 orders that are sulfate-reducing bacteria that belong to the class Delta-proteobacteria
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Desulfovibrionales
Desulfobacteriales Desulfuromonadales |
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Description of the sulfate-reducing bacteria
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Anaerobic respiratory microorganisms
Heterotrophic or Autotrophic Use sulfate of sulfur as an electron acceptor |
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Name 3 orders that belong to the Delta-Proteobacteria.
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Sulfate-reducing bacteria
Order Bdellovibrionales Order Myxococcales |
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Description of the Order Bdellovibrionales
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Aerobic
Heterotrophic Predatory bacteria,long flagella Complex life cycle resides in the periplasm of prey |
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Description of the Order Myxococcales
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Aerobic
Heterotrophic Micropredators, or scavengers Swarm when food is plenty, form fruiting body when food supply is exhausted |
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Name 2 genus and 1 Family that belongs to the Class Epsilon-Proteobacteria
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Genus Campylobacter
Genus Helicobacter Family Nautiliaceae |
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Description of Genus Campylobacter
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Aerobic
Heterotrophic Many are pathogens to humans and animals |
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Description of Genus Helicobacter
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Aerobic
Heterotrophic Causes gastritis and peptic ulcer disease produces large quantities of urease to modulate pH |
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Description of Family Nautiliaceae
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Colorless sulfur bacteria
Chemolithotrophic, mainly use sulfur as electron donor Mainly present in hydrothermal vents |
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Name 2 genus that belong to the family Nautiliaceae
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Nautilia
Caminibacter |
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Name 3 classes that belong to the Phylum Firmicutes (low G+C gram positives)
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Class Mollicutes
Class Clostridia Class Bacilli |
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Description of Class Mollicutes
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Mycoplasmas
Aerobic Heterotrophs Lack Cell Walls Smallest bacteria capable of self-reproduction Some are pathogens |
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Description of Genus Clostridium
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Class Clostridia
Anaerobic Heterotroph Fermentative Produce multiple end products, many of which have industrial importance (ethanol,butanol,butanediol) some are pathogenice |
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Description of the Genus Desulfotomaculum
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Class Clostridia
gram positive sulfate-reducing bacteria - use sulfate as an electron acceptor Anaerobic respiratory microorganisms Heterotrophic or Autotrophic Endospore forming |
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Name 2 genus of the Heliobacteria
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Heliobacterium
Heliophilum |
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Description of the Heliobacteria
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Anoxygenic
Photolithoautotrophic Isolated so far from soil |
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Name 2 Orders that belong to the Class Bacilli
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Order Bacillales
Order Lactobacillales |
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Name 3 genera that belong to the Order Bacillales
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Genus Bacillus
Genus Caryophonon Genus Staphylococcus |
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Description of the Genus Bacillus
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Aerobic
Heterotrophic Spore forming Some are pathogenic, some produce antibiotics, some are insect pathogens |
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Description of the Genus Caryophanon
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Aerobic
Heterotrophic Isolated from cow dung Individual cells are disc shaped, but join to form filaments called trichomes |
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Description of Genus Staphylococcus
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Facultative Heterotrophic
Nonmotile, cocci usually form irregular clusters normally associated with warm blooded animals in skin |
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Name 2 genera of the Order Lactobacillales
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Genus Lactobacillus
Genus Leuconostoc |
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Description of the Order Lactobacillales
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The Lactic Acid bacteria
Produce lactates as end products some are homolactic fermenters or heterofermentative |
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Description of homolactic fermenter
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Lactate is only product
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Description of heterolactic fermenter
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produce ethanol, acetate, and CO2 and lactate as end products
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Name an example of a homolactic fermenter
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Most Lactobacillus
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Name an example of Heterofermenters
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Some Lactobacillus and all Leuconostoc
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Description of the Phylum Actinobacteria (high G+C gram positives)
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Source of most currently used antibiotics
Produce other metabolites with anticancer, antihelminthic, and immunosuppressive activities Complex life cycle involves development of filamentous cells (hyphae) and spores Mycellium might be substrate mycelium or aerial mycelium Spores are exospores, sometimes located in sporangium Spores are not very heat resistant, but mainly resistant to dessication Play an important role in mineralization of organic matter in soil Few are pathogenic e.g. Mycobacterium |
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Microorganisms using sulfur molecules as electron donors must be either___________ or ______________.
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Phototrophs
Chemolithotrophs |
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Phototrophs that use sulfur molecules (sulfide or sulfur) as electron donors are referred to as ____________.
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Anoxygenic phototrophs
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Name the Anoxygenic phototrophs that use sulfur molecules as electron donors
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Green sulfur bacteria
Green nonsulfur bacteria Purple sulfur bacteria Purple nonsulfur bacteria Heliobacteria |
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Chemolithotrophs that use sulfur molecules (sulfide or sulfur) as electron donors are referred to as ___________.
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Colorless sulfur-bacteria
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Name the colorless sulfur-bacteria that use sulfur molecules as electron donors
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Genus Sulfolobus (sulfur only)
Genus Thermoproteus (sulfur only) Genus Aquifex Colorless sulfur Proteobacteria (Thiobacillus, TThiomicrospira, Beggiato, Nautilia, Caminibacter) |
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Microorganisms that use sulfate as an electron acceptor are referred to as ___________.
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Heterotrophic or
Autotrophic |
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Describe Autotrophic
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use hydrogen as an electron donor.
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Name the microorganisms that use sulfate as an electron acceptor
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Genus Thermoproteus (sulfur only)
Genus Thermococci Genus Archaeoglobus Sulfate-reducing Delta Proteobacteria (e.g. Desulfovibrio, Desulfobacter) Sulfate-reducing Firmicutes (e.g. Desulfotomaculum) |
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Bacteria that are intracellular parasites
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Chlamydia
Rickettsia Coxiella Bdellovibrio (?) |
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Bacteria with complex life cycles.
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Chlamydia
Caulobacter Bdellovibrio Myxococcus Actinobacteria (?) |
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Bacteria with special forms of motility.
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Spirochetes: creeping motility
Chloroflexi, Sphingobacteria: gliding motility |
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Phototrophic microorganisms
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oxygenic: Cyanobacteria
anoxygenic: GS, GNS, PS, PNS, Heliobacteria |
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Metabolic Phyla with broad metabolic abilities
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Chloroflexi
Proteobacteria Firmicutes |
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What do chemolithotrophs use as electron donors
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Sulfur and Sulfide
Ammonia or nitrite |
