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43 Cards in this Set
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Strep Throat / Scarlet Fever
1) Causative agent: 2) Description of agent: 3) Organs affected: 4) Characteristic signs: 5) Toxin involved: 6) Treatment administered: 7) Immunization Available: 8) Additional Facts: |
1)Streptococcus pyogens
2) gram-positive ecapsulated rod 3)URT, blood, skin 4) sore throat, skin rash 5) Erythrogenic exotoxin 6) Penicillin, Erythromycin 7) No immunization available 8) Rheumatic fever and Glomerulonephritus are possible post-streptococcal diseases that may develop. Alpha and Beta-hemolytic strains |
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Diphtheria
1) Causative agent: 2) Description of agent: 3) Organs affected: 4) Characteristic signs: 5) Toxin involved: 6) Treatment administered: 7) Immunization Available: 8) Additional Facts: |
1) Cornyebacterium diphtheriae
2) Gram-positive rod 3) URT, heart, nerve fibers 4) Pseudomembrane, sore throat, moderate fever 5) Yes 6) Penicillin, Anti-toxin 7) Toxoid in DTaP 8) Bacteriophage involved, metachromatic granules |
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Pertussis
1) Causative agent: 2) Description of agent: 3) Organs affected: 4) Characteristic signs: 5) Toxin involved: 6) Treatment administered: 7) Immunization Available: 8) Additional Facts: |
1) Bordatella pertussis
2) Gram-negative rod 3) URT 4) Mucous plugs, paroxysms of cough followed by a "whoop" (inhalation) 5) Yes 6) Erythromycin 7) Acellular vaccine available as DTaP 8) mucous movement impaired |
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Meningococcal Meningitis
1) Causative agent: 2) Description of agent: 3) Organs affected: 4) Characteristic signs: 5) Toxin involved: 6) Treatment administered: 7) Immunization Available: 8) Additional Facts: |
1) Neisseria meningitides
2) Gram-negative encapsulated diplococcus 3) URT, blood, meninges 4) toxemia, paralysis, skin spots 5) yes 6) Cefotaxime, Ceftriaxone 7) Capsule polysaccharide vaccine 8) High mortality rate if untreated, Adrenal gland involvement |
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Pneumococcal Meningitis
1) Causative agent: 2) Description of agent: 3) Organs affected: 4) Characteristic signs: 5) Toxin involved: 6) Treatment administered: 7) Immunization Available: 8) Additional Facts: |
1) Streptococcus pneumoniae
2) gram-positive diplococcus 3) URT, blood, meninges 4) headache, sever nausea and vomiting, photophobia 5) yes 6) Penicillin, Cefotaxime, Ceftriaxone 7) Pneumococcal vaccine 8) Responsible for 30% of meningitis cases |
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Haemophilus Meningitis
1) Causative agent: 2) Description of agent: 3) Organs affected: 4) Characteristic signs: 5) Toxin involved: 6) Treatment administered: 7) Immunization Available: 8) Additional Facts: |
1) Haemophilus influenza B
2) Gram-negative encapsulated rod 3) URT, meninges 4) Respiratory symptoms, paralysis 5) not established 6) Cefotaxime, Ceftriaxone 7) Conjugated vaccine to type b only 8) Dramatic decline in young children |
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Tuberculosis
1) causative agent 2) description of agent 3) organs affected 4) characteristic signs 5) treatment administered 6) immunization available 7) additional facts |
1) Mycobacterium tuberculosis
2) Acid-fast rod 3) lungs, bones, other organs 4) tubercles 5) Isoniazid, Rifampin, Rifpentine, Pyrazinamide 6) Bacille Calmette Guerin (BCG) - using attenuated Mycobacterium bovis 7) Extended treatment necessary, Diagnosis by tuberculin reaction, related to AIDS |
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Pneumococcal pneumonia
1) causative agent 2) description of agent 3) organs affected 4) characteristic signs 5) treatment administered 6) immunization available 7) additional facts |
1) Streptococcus pneumoniae
2) Gram-positive encapsulated diplococcus in chains 3) lungs 4) rust-colored sputum 5) Penicillin, Cefotaxime, Ceftriaxone 6) Ploysaccharide vaccine to 23 strains 7) over 90 strains identified, natural resistance high, deterioration of alveoli |
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Klebsiella pneumonia
1) causative agent 2) description of agent 3) organs affected 4) characteristic signs 5) treatment administered 6) immunization available 7) additional facts |
1) Klebsiella pneumoniae
2) Gram-negative encapsulated rod 3) Lungs 4) Pneumonia 5) Various antibiotics 6) None 7) Common in people with impaired pulmonary function |
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Primary atypical pneumonia
1) causative agent 2) description of agent 3) organs affected 4) characteristic signs 5) treatment administered 6) immunization available 7) additional facts |
1) Mycoplasma pneumoniae
2) No cell wall, Pleomorphic 3) Lungs 4) Dry cough 5) Erythromycin, tetracycline 6) None 7) Called walking pneumonia, diagnosis by CAST |
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Legionnaire's Disease
1) causative agent 2) description of agent 3) organs affected 4) characteristic signs 5) treatment administered 6) immunization available 7) additional facts |
1) Legionella pneumophila
2) Gram-negative rod 3) Lungs 4) Pneumonia 5) Erythromycin 6) None 7) associated with airborne water droplets |
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Q Fever
1) causative agent 2) description of agent 3) organs affected 4) characteristic signs 5) treatment administered 6) immunization available 7) additional facts |
1) Coxiella burnetii
2) Rickettsia 3) Lungs 4) Flu-like symptoms 5) Doxycycline 6) Vaccine for high-risk workers 7) Reservoirs include dairy cows, goats and sheep. Associated with raw milk |
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Psittaciosis
1) causative agent 2) description of agent 3) organs affected 4) characteristic signs 5) treatment administered 6) immunization available 7) additional facts |
1) Chlamydia psittoci
2) Chlamydia 3) Lungs 4) flu-like symptoms 5) Doxycycline 6) None 7) Occurs in parrots and parrot-like birds |
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Chlamydial pneumonia
1) causative agent 2) description of agent 3) organs affected 4) characteristic signs 5) treatment administered 6) immunization available 7) additional facts |
1) Chlamydia pneumoniae
2) Chlamydia 3) Lungs 4) flu-like symptoms 5) Doxycycline, Erythromycin 6) None 7) Young adults affected |
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Staphylococcal food poisoning
1) agent 2) description 3) toxin involved 4) incubation period 5) incidence in US 6) symptoms 7) duration of symptoms 8) food involved 9) animals involved 10) treatment 11) source of bacteria 12) diagnosis |
1) Staphylococcus aureus
2) Gram-positive cluster of cocci 3) Yes (enterotoxin) 4) 1-6 hours 5) possible millions annually 6) Cramps, nausea, diarrhea, no ulcerations or fever 7) few hours 8) all 9) No 10) none 11) skin infection, nose 12) isolate bacteria from food |
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Salmonellosis
1) agent 2) description 3) toxin involved 4) incubation period 5) incidence in US 6) symptoms 7) duration of symptoms 8) food involved 9) animals involved 10) treatment 11) source of bacteria 12) diagnosis |
1) Salmonella serotypes
2) gram-negative rods 3) No 4) 6-48 hours 5) 400,000 reported annually 6) cramps, nausea diarrhea; some ulcerations, fever 7) few days 8) all, especially poultry and eggs 9) yes (especially reptiles) 10) antibiotics possible 11) fecal contamination 12) isolate bacteria from feces |
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Botulism
1) causative agent 2) description of agent 3) organs affected 4) characteristic signs 5) toxin involved 6) treatment administered 7) immunization available 8) additional facts |
1) Clostridium botulinum
2) Gram-positive, spore-forming rods 3) Neuro-muscular junction 4) Paralysis 5) Yes 6) Anti-toxin 7) none 8) most powerful toxin known, Infant and wound botulism possible |
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Staphylococcal Food poisoning
1) causative agent 2) description of agent 3) organs affected 4) characteristic signs 5) toxin involved 6) treatment administered 7) immunization available 8) additional facts |
1) Staphylococcus aureus
2) Gram-positive sphere 3) Intestine 4) Diarrhea, nausea, vomiting 5) yes 6) none 7) none 8) Affects millions of american annually. Due to an enterotoxin. Brief incubation period |
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Clostridial Food Poisoning
1) causative agent 2) description of agent 3) organs affected 4) characteristic signs 5) toxin involved 6) treatment 7) immunization available 8) additional facts |
1) Clostridium perfringens
2) Gram-positive spore-forming rod 3) Intestine 4) Diarrhea, cramping 5) yes 6) none 7) none 8) common in protein rich foods. Spores survive cooking |
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Typhoid fever
1) causative agent 2) description of agent 3) organs affected 4) characteristic signs 5) toxin involved 6) treatment 7) immunization available 8) additional facts |
1) Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi
2) Gram-negative rod 3) Intestine, blood, gall bladder 4) Ulcers, fever, rose spots 5) not established 6) chloramphenicol 7) vaccine of dead bacterial cells 8) spread from carriers |
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Salmonellosis
1) causative agent 2) description of agent 3) organs affected 4) characteristic signs 5) toxin involved 6) treatment 7) immunization available 8) additional facts |
1) Salmonella enterica serotypes Enteritidis or Typhimurium
2) Gram-negative rod 3) Intestine 4) Fever, diarrhea, vomiting 5) not established 6) not recommended 7) none 8) Associated with poultry products |
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Shigellosis
1) causative agent 2) description of agent 3) organs affected 4) characteristic signs 5) toxin involved 6) treatment 7) immunization available 8) additional facts |
1) Shigella sonnei (epidemics in developing world by S. dysenteriae)
2) Gram-negative rods 3) Intestine 4) Diarrhea, dystentery 5) yes 6) Rehydration, antibiotics 7) none 8) may be accompanied by dysentery |
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Cholera
1) causative agent 2) description of agent 3) organs affected 4) characteristic signs 5) toxin involved 6) treatment 7) immunization available 8) additional facts |
1) Vibrio cholera
2) Gram-negative curved rods 3) Intestine 4) Rice-water stools, extreme diarrhea, shock 5) yes 6) rehydration 7) Vaccine of dead bacterial cells 8) danger from dehydration, rare in US, raw seafood involved |
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E. coli diarrhea
1) causative agent 2) description of agent 3) organs affected 4) characteristic signs 5) toxin involved 6) treatment 7) immunization available 8) additional facts |
1) Escherichia coli
2) Gram-negative rods 3) Intestine 4) Diarrhea 5) Yes 6) Anitbiotics, rehydration 7) none 8) symptoms due to enterotoxin, Invasive strains observed, possible hemolytic uremic syndrome |
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Campylobacteriosis
1) causative agent 2) description of agent 3) organs affected 4) characteristic signs 5) toxin involved 6) treatment 7) immunization available 8) additional facts |
1) Campylobacter jejuni
2) Gram-negative curved rods 3) Intestine 4) Diarrhea, fever 5) not established 6) Erythromycin 7) none 8) associated with raw milk. Symptoms mild to serious |
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Listeriosis
1) causative agent 2) description of agent 3) organs affected 4) characteristic signs 5) toxin involved 6) treatment 7) immunization available 8) additional facts |
1) Listeria monocytogens
2) Gram-positive small rods 3) Intestine, meninges, moncytes 4) Diarrhea, meningoencephalitis 5) not established 6) antibiotics 7) none 8) dangerous in pregnancy, associated with animals |
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Brucellosis
1) causative agent 2) description of agent 3) organs affected 4) characteristic signs 5) toxin involved 6) treatment 7) immunization available 8) additional facts |
1) Brucella species
2) Gram-negative rod 3) spleen, lymph glands 4) undulating fever, joint pain 5) not established 6) doxycycline, rifampin 7) none 8) induces abortion in barnyard animals. Hazardous to animal workers |
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Vibrio panheamolyticus
1) description of agent 2) organs affected 3) characteristic signs 4) toxin involved 5) treatment 6) immunization available 7) additional facts |
1) gram-negative rod
2) intestine 3) diarrhea 4) not established 5) various antibiotics 6) none 7) associated with seafood |
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Vibrio vulnificus
1) description of agent 2) organs affected 3) characteristic signs 4) toxin involved 5) treatment 6) immunization available 7) additional facts |
1) Gram-negative rod
2) intestine 3) diarrhea 4) not established 5) various antibiotics 6) none 7) associated with shellfish |
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Bacillus cereus
1) description of agent 2) organs affected 3) characteristic signs 4) toxin involved 5) treatment 6) immunization available 7) additional facts |
1) Gram-positive spore-forming rod
2) intestine 3) diarrhea 4) yes 5) none 6) none 7) spores survive in cooked foods |
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Yersinia enterocolitico
1) description of agent 2) organs affected 3) characteristic signs 4) toxin involved 5) treatment 6) immunization available 7) additional facts |
1) Gram-negative rod
2) intestine 3) diarrhea 4) not established 5) various antibiotics 6) none 7) widely found in animals |
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Pleisomonas shigelloides
1) description of agent 2) organs affected 3) characteristic signs 4) toxin involved 5) treatment 6) immunization available 7) additional facts |
1) gram-negative rod
2) intestine 3) diarrhea 4) not established 5) various antibiotics 6) none 7) occurs in tropical climates |
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Aeromonas hydrophila
1) description of agent 2) organs affected 3) characteristic signs 4) toxin involved 5) treatment 6) immunization available 7) additional facts |
1) Gram-negative rod
2) Intestine 3) diarrhea 4) yes 5) various antibiotics 6) None 7) common in soil and water |
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Syphilus
1) organism 2) description of organism 3) stages 4) other forms 5) lab diagnosis 6) Treatment |
1) Treponema pallidum
2) spirochete 3) primary syphilis, secondary syphilis, chronic latent stage 4) tertiary and congenital 5) dark field observations in lesions. Serological tests for antibodies. Screening tests- VDRL (venereal disease reference lab), RPR (rapid plasma reagin). Confirmation tests using purified antigen- Fluorescent antibody tests, Hemagglutination test 6) Penicillin |
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Gonorrhea
1) organism 2) description of organism 3) nickname 4) organs affected 5) female facts 6) Male symptoms 7) lab diagnosis 8) treatment |
1) Neisseria gonorrhoeae
2) Gram-negative diplococci 3) The Clap 4) reproductive organs, pharynx, rectum, eyes 5) can spread to infants (gonococcal opthalmia). Many women are asymptomatic. Can spread to the fallopian tubes causing: pelvic inflammatory disease, possible sterility, ectopic pregnancy, Salpingitis (black of the tubes) 6) tingling of the penis, pain when urinating, penile discharge, swollen lymph nodes, painful testicles. Possible infertility 7) Gram stain of pus smears. Cultivation on thayer-martin media. Immunoassay. Beta-lactamase test for penicillin resistance 8) tetracycline, ceftriaxone |
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Chlamydia
1) organism 2) long name 3) transfer to newborns 4) known as a: 5) symptoms 6) Organs affected 7) diagnosis 8) additional facts |
1) chlamydia trachomatis
2) Chlamdial urethritis 3) chlamydial opthalmia 4) NGU (non-gonococcal urethritis) 5) Most asymptomatic. Males- painful urination and watery discharge, possible infertility. Females- can spread to fallopian tubes and cause Salpingitis. Both- if left untreated can cause Pelvic inflammatory disease. 6) genitals, pharynx, anus. If in eyes it is called Trachoma and is spread by personal contact 7) fluorescent antibody test or DNA analysis 8) most commonly reported disease in US |
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Ureaplasmal urethritis
1) organism 2) NGU or not? 3) symptoms 4) organs affected 5) characteristic signs 6) treatment |
1) Ureaplasma urealyticum
2) NGU 3) mild and comparable to Gonorrhea and Chlamydia 4) urethra, fallopian tubes and epididymis 5) pain on urination, variable discharge and salpingitis. Can lead to infertility and is linked to spontaneous abortion 6) Tetracycline |
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Chancroid
1) organism 2) occurs in these areas 3) progression 4) location of lesions |
1) Haemophilus ducreyi
2) areas with low public health standards and tropical climates 3) papule forms at entry site which fills with pus and breaks down leaving a painful, bleeding ulcer 4) men- penis. women- labia or clitoris |
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Lymphogranuloma venerium (JGV)
1) organism 2) more common in which sex 3) areas in which it is common |
1) Chlamydia trachomatis serotype
2) men 3) Southeast Asia, Cenral and South America |
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Granuloma Inguinale
1) organism 2) rare in which areas 3) characterized by 4) most frequent route of infection 5) diagnosis |
1) Calymmatobacterium granulomatis
2) Europe and North America 3) a bleeding ulcer, swollen lymph nodes in groin 4) anal intercourse 5) tissue samples reveal masses of bacterial cells (Donovan bodies) within white blood cells in the lesion |
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Bacterial vaginosis
1) organism 2) additional facts |
1) Gardnerella vaginalis
2) most common form of Vaginitis |
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Mycoplasmal urethritis
1) organism 2) similar to: 3) additional facts |
1) Mycoplasma hominis
2) ureaplasma urethritis 3) causes Vaginitis |
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Urinary tract infections
1) most common organism 2) can occur in: 3) affects which gender more 4) symptoms 5) complications include 6) avoid UTI's by: 7) common type of what infection 8) what is a major source of concern? |
1) Escherichia coli
2) urethra, bladder, kidneys 3) women 4) abdominal or back pain, burning during urination, frequent urges to urinate 5) Infection of kidney (pyelonephritis), fever, sepsis, decreased kidney function 6) drink plenty of water, avoid tight clothing 7) nosocomial infection 8) drug-resistant bacteria |
