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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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bacteriophage
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a virus that uses bacteria as its host; often called a phage
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capsid
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the protein coat or shell that surrounds a virion's nucleic acid
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enveloped virus
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a virus with an outer membranous layer that surrounds the nucleocapsid
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induction
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an event in the life cycle of some viruses (e.g. temperate bacteriophage) that results in the provirus initiating synthesis of mature virions and entering the lytic cycle
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lysogeny
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the state in which a viral genome remains within a bacterial or archaeal cell after infection and reproduces along with it rather than taking control of the host cell and destroying it
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lytic cycle
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the infection of a host cell by a virus that induces cell death through lysis and release of newly replicated virus.
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minus strang or negative strand
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A DNA or RNA viral genome that is complementary to the virus's mRNA.
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naked virus
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a virus that lacks an envelope
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nucleocapsid
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that portion of a virus that consists of viral nucleic acid surrounded by a protein coat called the capsid
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peplomers and spikes
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proteins that project from a viral envelope
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plaque
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a clear area in a lawn or layer of host cells that results from the lysis or killing of the host cells by viruses
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plus strand or positive strand
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a DNA or RNA viral genome that is identical in nucleotide sequence to the virus's mRNA; in some RNA viruses, the genome also serves as mRNA
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prion
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An infectious agent composed only of protein that is responsible for causing a variety of spongiform encephalopathies (e.g. scrapie)
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provirus (prophage)
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the latent form of a virus that remains within a host cell, usually integrated into the host chromosome; in archaeal and bacterial hosts, this occurs during the lysogenic cycle; when the virus is a bacteriophage, the provirus is called prophage
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retrovirus
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a member of a group of viruses with RNA genomes that carry the enzyme reverse transcriptase and form a DNA copy of their genome during the reproductive cycle.
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segmented genome
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a viral genome that is divided into several fragments, each usually coding for a single polypeptide
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temperate phage
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a bacteriophage that infects bacteria and establishes a lysogenic relationship with its host rather than causing immediate lysis
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virion
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a complete virus particle
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viroid
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an infectious agent of PLANTS that consists only or RNA
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virulent viruses
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viruses that lyse their host cells during the reproductive cycle
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virus
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an infectious agent having a simple acellular organization, often just a protein coat and a nucleic acid genome; lacking independent metabolism; and reproducing
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virusoid
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an infectious agent composed only of RNA; its RNA encodes one of more proteins, but it can only replicate in cells also infected by a virus.
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