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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Adaptive Immunity |
Adapts to a specific microbial invader or foreign substance |
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Humoral Immunity
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Immunity Brought about by Antibodies. B-cells differentiate, with the help of T-Helper cells, in Plasma (Antibody producing) cells and memory cells
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Cellular Immunity
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An immune response that involves T-cells binding to antigens. T-cells differentiate into T-helper, cytotoxic T cells and memory cells
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Antigen Presenting Cells (APC)
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A macrophage, dendritic cell, or B-cells that engulf an antigen and presents fragments to T-Cells |
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Antibodies
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A protein produced by the body in response to an antigen, and capable of combining specifically with that antigen
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Cytokines
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A small protein released from human cells that regulates the immune response; directly or indirectly it may induce fever, pain or T-Cell proliferation |
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Functions of Immunoglobulins: igG
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Monomer
1) Enhances Phagocytosis 2) Neutralizes toxins and viruses 3) Protects fetus and newborn |
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Functions of Immunoglobulins: igM
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Pentamer
1) Effective against microorganisms and agglutinating antigens 2) First antibodies produced |
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Functions of Immunoglobulins: igA
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Dimer w/ secretory component
1) Localized infection on mucosal surfaces |
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Functions of Immunoglobulins: igD
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Monomer
1) Serum Function not known 2) Presence on B cell functions in initiation of immune response |
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Functions of Immunoglobulins: igE
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Monomer
1) Allergic reaction 2) Lysis of parasitic worms |
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Functions: T Helper (TH1) Cell
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Activates cells related to cell mediated immunity: Macrophages, Tc Cells, and NK cells
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Functions: T Helper (TH2) Cell
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Stimulates production of Eosinophils, igM, and igE |
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Functions: Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes (CTLs)
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Destroys target cells on contact, generated from T cytotoxic cell |
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Functions: T Regulatory (Treg) Cell
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Regulates immune response and helps maintain tolerance
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Functions: Natural Killer Cells
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Attacks and destroys target cells; participates in antibody dependent, cell mediated cytotoxicity
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Adaptive Functions of cytokines: Interleukins
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Serves as communication between leukocytes
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Adaptive Functions of cytokines: chemokines
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Induce the migration of Leukocytes into areas of infection or tissue damage |
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Adaptive Functions of cytokines: Interferons
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From infected cell, protect neighboring cells from allowing viral replication
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Adaptive Functions of cytokines: Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)
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Strong factor in inflammatory reactions to autoimmune disease
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Adaptive Functions of cytokines: Hematopoietic cytokines
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Function in controlling the pathways by which stem cells develop
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4 types of adaptive Immunity
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1) Naturally acquire: Exposed to antigens, becomes ill, then recovers |
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T-independent Antibodies
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Repeating subunits found in polysaccharides and lipopolysaccharides (Ex. Bacterial capsules). Allows for B-cell antibody replication without helper T cells. However, May provoke a weaker immune response |
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Differentiating B Cells and T Cells
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Both B cells and T cells originate from stem cells in adult red bone marrow or in the fetal liver.
1) some pass through thymus and become mature T cells 2) Others remain in marrow and become B cells. 3) Both cells migrate to lymph tissue such as Lymph nodes or spleen |
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The Process of antibody production in B Cells
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1) Ig receptors recognize and attach to antigen. Within the B Cell, the antigen combines with MHC class II |
