Microbiology Exam 3

Front 1

Branching GPRODs are not as common in terms of causing disease but are a higher evolutionary class of bacteria that are like _________ that show branching and filimentation.

Back 1

Fungi

Front 2

Branching GPRODs tend to _______ together and there are 4 Genus Names:

Back 2

clump

Actinomyces
Streptomyces
Dermatophilus
Nocardia

Front 3

Actinomyces, a GRPOD, tends to be microaerophilic to anaerobic depending on species. They are ______ found in the GI & oral cavity and are found living along roots of teeth and under gums.

Back 3

NF

Front 4

Bacteria invades previously damaged tissues or penetrates body cavities and Actinomyces then causes ____________

Back 4

Actinomycosis

Front 5

Actinomycosis is associated with what being present in the pus of infections?

Back 5

Sulfur granules which are a clump or mass of branching bacteria--presence of these are highly diagnostic of this infection.

Front 6

With a Actinomycosis infection, what will you see when you do a direct examination of the pus?

Back 6

Squashing the sulfur granules on a slide results in seeing branching, filamentous GPRODs

Front 7

Actinomyces bovis is NF in _____ and is referred to ______ when it causes infection and is acquired from a _____ from stemmy foods, grass awns....etc.

Back 7

cows
lumpy jaw
wound in oral cavity

Front 8

Actinomyces bovis pathology involves abscesses around the head and neck that can advance to involving _______, which leads to infection of the mandible and teeth that________

Back 8

bone and soft tissue
loosen and fall out

Front 9

Actinomyces bovis is treated with surgical debridement and _____________

Back 9

long term antibiotics

Front 10

What is done to diagnosis Actinomyces bovis?

Back 10

Presence of Sulfur granules on a squash prep

Partial acid fast stain

Front 11

Actinomyces viscosus is a NF bacteria in the oral cavity but is also a common cause of ____________ in people and is called Actinomycosis.

Back 11

periodontal disease

Front 12

Actinomycosis when associated with periodontal disease is attributed to Actinomyces viscosus is more common in dogs, especially __________ due to wounds in the ____

Back 12

hunting dogs
oral cavity

Front 13

Pathology of Actinomyces viscosus is associated with abscesses around head and neck but not usually _____, pyothorax and a pus with sulfur granules that tends to be______

Back 13

boney involvement
of a tomato soup consistency

Front 14

Diagnosis of Actinomyces viscosus involves presence of sulfur granules and a __________

Back 14

partial acid fast stain

Front 15

Nocardia asteroides is an aerobic, branching GPROD and is not as common as Actinomyces for causing disease and it reservoir is __________ and it causes ___________

Back 15

soil, is a soil saphrophyte (lives on dead or decaying matter

Nocardiosis

Front 16

Nocardiosis affects__species and its pathology involves formation of fistulas and draining wounds and will cause ______ when it invades the _____

Back 16

all
thoracic cavity

Front 17

Nocardiosis in the disseminated form involves the infection _______ diagnosed by the presence of ______

Back 17

spreading to internal organs

sulfur granules in pus and a partial acid fast stain

Front 18

Nocardiosis has colonies that that look like __________________

Back 18

white snowballs

Front 19

Both Actinomyces and Nocardia are both difficult to grow in lab due to growing slowly over 1 - 2 weeks. But can be differentiated due to Nocardia being aerobic and Actinomyces being _____

Back 19

microaerophilic to anaerobic

Front 20

Nocardia can be differentiated from Actinomyces with a special ______ on the sulfur granules.

Back 20

stain

Front 21

The stain to differentiate Actinomyces from Nocardia is called a Partial Acid fast stain which is also known as the________

Back 21

Modified Ziehel-Neelson

Front 22

With Actinomyces, the Partial Acid test will turn __________ if it is present and with Nocardia, the test turns _______

Back 22

blue/blue green

red

Front 23

Dermatophilus congolensis is a branching GPROD bacteria that lives on _______ and causes and infection called ________

Back 23

skin of animals
Dermatophilosis

Front 24

Dermatophilosis is more common in large animals (cows, horses, sheep) and causes__________, with ________ in extremities of sheep as well as _________ on wool covered areas.

Back 24

Rain rot/scald/Mud fever

Strawberry foot rot

Lumpy wool

Front 25

Dermatophilosis is most common in cows, horses and sheep and is usually acquired when __________

Back 25

skin is exposed to humid conditions or moisture for extended period of time

Front 26

Pathology of Dermatophilosis involves localized dermatitis with ______

Back 26

superficial skin lesions, with formation of crusts & scabs

Front 27

Diagnosis of Dermatophilosis involves a direct exam of exudate from underside of scab where you will see___________

Back 27

segmenting filaments that look like stacked coins

Front 28

Treatment of Dermatophilosis involves ________________

Back 28

scrubbing skin with iodine, dilute bleach or Lysol

-keeping area DRY

Front 29

Streptomyces is a branching GPROD that is a soil saphrophyte and this bacteria gives soil a _____________ and this is often a __________ bacteria.

Back 29

musty odor
non-pathogenic

Front 30

GNRODS are a _________ group of bacteria that and it is helpful to use the family names to separate them into their 2 main groups, ________

Back 30

large

enteric and non-enteric

Front 31

Enteric GNRODs are from the family ____________ and many in this group inhabit the intestinal tract as ______

Back 31

Enterobacteriaceae

NF that produce Vitamans, metabolize drugs, resist disease, aid digestion and breakdown bilirubin

Front 32

Name the 9 Enteric GNRODS are:

Back 32

Escherichia
Klebsiella
Proteus
Salmonella
Yersinia
Shigella
Serratia
Enterobacter
Citrobacter

Front 33

Escherichia coli (E. coli) is the most encountered bacteria in micro lab and tends to be found in lower_______ and there are MANY different strains/serotypes.

Back 33

small intestine and colon

Front 34

There are 2 types of E. coli and they are:

Back 34

Opportunistic

Enteropathogenic

Front 35

Opportunistic E coli can be _______ but cause infections of wounds and when in wrong locations such as GU tract where it causes _________, pyometra in the uterus, peritonitis and is an important cause of _____ in cows

Back 35

NF bacteria

cystitis (most common cause in humans and animals)

mastitis

Front 36

Enteropathogenic E. coli is ________ NF, has __________ and causes __________ in newborns

Back 36

not a part of

pili

gastroenteritis

Front 37

Enteropathogenic E. coli causes scours which has a high mortality rate, so a few of the ways to protect newborns are:

Back 37

Avoid stressing the newborn

Make sure birthing area is clean and free of feces

New born ingests colostrum

Pregnant cows can receive a bactrin

Front 38

Calf scours has a high mortality and is associated with ___________

Back 38

E. coli K99

Front 39

Enteropathogenic E. coli is pathogenic in 2 ways:

Back 39

Invasive- tissue invaders

Enterotoxin (exotoxin released into intestines)

Front 40

Invasive E. coli penetrate the _______, which causes hemorrhagic lesions of the GI tract and and hemorrhagic enteritis and then ________

Back 40

intestinal mucosa

Septicemia and ENDOtoxemia and possibly death.

(endotoxemia is when part of cell wall of GNROD dies and releases these toxins)

Front 41

Enterotoxin producing E.coli produces exotoxins that bind to _________, which disrupts the cell _________and causes the cell to lose water, electrolytes and bicarbonate.

Back 41

intestinal epithelial cells

membranes

Front 42

The exotoxins from Enterotoxin producing E.coli disrupts the bicarbonate levels, which keeps the cell _______ and death from this is usually due to __________

Back 42

ph at a buffering level (basic)

dehydration and metabolic acidosis

Front 43

Klebsiella pneumoniae is a ______ bacteria with a characteristic colony morphology of ______________

Back 43

encapsulated

Mucoid, slimy and stringy-strings off of plate

Front 44

Klebsiella pneumoniae causes a variety of infections in animal species and in women is 2nd to E.coli for causing______, and in dogs is known to cause _______

Back 44

UTI

UTI, pneumonia, wound infections

Front 45

In mares, Klebsiella pneumoniae is known to cause__________, in foals it is known to cause ______ and in cattle ____________

Back 45

cervicitis and metritis (uterus infection)

pneumonia

mastitis

Front 46

Proteus mirabilis is a highly ______bacteria that ________on blood agar with a characteristic ________ morphology

Back 46

motile

swarms

swarmy, stinky (ammonia like) and no isolated colonies

Front 47

Proteus causes a variety of infections in humans and animals and the most common are___________

Back 47

UTI, otitis, wound infections and mastitis

Front 48

Salmonella has a variety of species and serotypes and infects a variety of animals--mammels, birds and reptiles. Its route of transmission is typically _______ and is __________ --so wash hands!!

Back 48

Feco-oral

zoonotic

Front 49

Salmonella, a GNROD, causes Salmonellis and is from ingestion of contaminated ___________ and has 2 forms_________________

Back 49

food or water

Gastroenteritis & Septicemia

Front 50

The gastroenteritis form of Salmonellis is the most common and results in _________ from the bacteria invading ___________

Back 50

diarrhea, fever

intestinal mucosa

Front 51

The septicemia form of Salmonellis is from the bacteria entering the blood stream and is less common and happens due to the endotoxins entering the bloodstream of ___________

Back 51

compromised animals

Front 52

Sources of Salmonella for people are:

Back 52

~reptiles

~raw or undercooked meat or eggs

~dairy products

~unwashed veggies

Front 53

Salmonella in animals causes :

Calf ____________
Horses are more susceptible, especially if compromised and can lead to ___________
Rare in _______ & ___________

Back 53

scours

septicemia

dogs and cats

Front 54

Yersinia pestis causes ________, which tends to occur more often in the western 1/3 of the US and is also known as the ________

Back 54

the plague

Black death

Front 55

Yersinia pestis reservoir host is ___________

Back 55

rodents, esp. prairie dogs the sentinal animal in Colorado

Front 56

Yersinia pestis is transmitted most easily to ______, while other domestic animals are relatively resistant. The vector for this disease is ________.

Back 56

humans and cats

fleas

Front 57

Transmission of Yersinia pestis can come from bites and scratches from infected animal, inhalation handling of__________, and in cats can come from____________ and is zoonotic from cats to people

Back 57

infected animal

ingestion of infected animal

Front 58

3 forms of Plague (Yersinia pestis) are:

Back 58

Bubonic ( most common)

Septicemic

Pneumonic

Front 59

Bubonic plague is the most common form and pathology is :

Back 59

Enlarged Lymph nodes, fever, lethargy

Front 60

Shigella is similar to Salmonella and is pathogenic for___________ but rare in dogs and cats. It causes Shigellosis which presents with ______________

Back 60

primates

hemorrhagic, watery diarrhea

Front 61

GNRODs grow on __________ agar, which also is indicative of _________

Back 61

MacConkeys,

LF & NLF

Front 62

LF colonies on MacConkeys turns:

Back 62

pink colonies

Front 63

NLF colonies on MacConkeys agar show:

Back 63

colorless growth

Front 64

First lab test on GNRODs is the ________ test which will divide GNRODS into ___________ & _______

Back 64

oxidase

Enteric GNRODS, (ox neg.)

Non-enteric (ox positive)

Front 65

To do a oxidase test you will need_______, and you will place 1-2 drops reagent on paper, then take bacteria from blood agar side of plate

Back 65

Oxidase reagent and filter paper

Front 66

A positive oxidase test looks ______and indicates ___________

Back 66

dark color change

non-enteric GNRODS

Front 67

A negative oxidase test is indiacted when _______ and indicates_______

Back 67

there is no color change

enteric GNRODS

Front 68

Enterobacteriacae are oxidase ___

Back 68

negative

Front 69

A commercial test for narrowing down the ID of enteric GNRODs is the ________

Back 69

API 20-E Enteric ID system

Front 70

Indole test uses indole media (MIO), and you stab the nedia and wait 24 hours then add Kovac's reagent and a positive test is indicated by _____ and a negative test _______

Back 70

red ring

no red ring

Front 71

Citrate test uses citrate agar, and a positive test is indicated by ______ and a negative test by____

Back 71

growth along slant and deep blue color change

no growth, no color change

Front 72

Urease test uses the urea agar slant and a positive test is indicated by ______, negative by _______

Back 72

hot pink ( Klebsiella is usually here)

no color change

Front 73

Motility test is indicated as positive by ____ and negative by ___________

Back 73

cloudy throughout

cloudy along stab line at most

Front 74

If you know you have a LF Enteric GNROD, to speed up ID and diagnosis, you would ___________

Back 74

automatically do 3 tests on diagnosis flow chart rather than waiting and doing them one by one
-indole
-citrate
-urease

Front 75

Fecal cultures are done with an enrichment procedure using ______ such as ________ and these types select for and encourage the growth of enteric pathogens and inhibits ______

Back 75

selective enrichment broth

Tetrathionate broth, selenite broth

normal bowel flora growth

Front 76

Anaerobic GNRODS of the alimentary tract are__________ and are common cause of __________ in dogs and cats

Back 76

Fusobacterium, Bacteriodes, Porphyromonas

gingivitis and abscessed teeth

Front 77

Fusobacterium and Bacteroides causes _________ in large animals.

Back 77

Foot rot

Front 78

Fusobacterium causes ________ in horses, which is an anaerobic infection of the frog of the hoof causing faoul stinky, black discoloration and is best avoided with dry conditions, clean hooves.

Back 78

thrush