Microbiology Exam 3

Front 1

Herpes Viruses

Replication?

Back 1

Linear DS DNA

virus enters cell, uncoats, and DNA enters Nucleus where mRNA is formed by host cell machinery. An early protein formed DNA polymerase which replicates the DNA. Then structural proteins are brought into the nucleus, and virus assembled, and buds through the membrane.

Front 2

Herpes Simplex 1

Disease?

Back 2

Herpes labialis (cold sores)
Keratitis (Eye)
Encephalitis (Brain)

Front 3

Herpes Simplex 1

Characteristics?

Back 3

Enveloped virus with icosahedral nucleocapsid and linear DS DNA.
No virion polymerase
One Serotype

Front 4

Herpes Simplex 1

Transmission?

Back 4

Saliva or direct contact

Front 5

Herpes Simplex 1

Pathogenesis?

Back 5

vesicular lesions occur in mouth or face.
Remains latent in sensory ganglia
Recurrences occur in same dermatome
immunocompromised more at risk

Front 6

Herpes Simplex 1

Lab Diagnosis?

Back 6

flourescent antibody
Tzank smear reveals multinucleated giant cells

Front 7

Herpes Simplex 2

Diseases?

Back 7

Herpes genitalis
Aseptic meningitis
neonatal infection

Front 8

Herpes Simplex 2

Characteristics?

Back 8

Enveloped virus with icosahedral nucleocapsid and linear DS DNA.

Front 9

Herpes Simplex 2

Transmission?

Back 9

Sexual contact in adults, and during passage through birth canal.

Front 10

Herpes Simplex 2

Pathogenesis?

Back 10

Initial lesions on genitals, becomes latent in sensory ganglion

Front 11

Herpes Simplex 2

Lab Diagnosis?

Back 11

Flourescent antibody
Tzank smear reveals multinucleated cells

Front 12

CMV

Diseases?

Back 12

Cytomegalic inclusion disease (congenital abnormalities and many organs affected for embryo)
In immunosupressed: penumonia, colitis, hepatitis, retinitis
heterophile-negative Mono

Front 13

CMV

Chacteristics?

Back 13

Like normal herpes, but some mRNA present that is translated into early proteins.
Becomes latent in leukocytes and reactivated if cell mediated immunity decreases

Front 14

CMV

Transmission?

Back 14

Across Placenta
STD
Blood transfusion
Organ transplants
Saliva in children
Most people have antibody by adult

Front 15

CMV

Diagnosis?

Back 15

immunoflourescent antibody
PCR
"Owl's eye" inclusions in infected tissue

Front 16

CMV

Prevention?

Back 16

Isolate infected infants
CMV negative transplants and diffusions

Front 17

Epstein-Barr Virus

Diseases?

Back 17

Mono
Burkitt's lymphoma in East Africa

Front 18

Epstein-Barr Virus

Characteristics?

Back 18

Enveloped virus with icosahedral nucleocapsid and linear DS DNA

Front 19

Epstein-Barr Virus

Transmission?

Back 19

Found in human oropharynx and B-lymphocytes. xmitted by saliva

Remains latent in B-lymphocytes

Front 20

Epstein-Barr Virus

Pathogenesis?

Back 20

Infection in pharyngeal epithelium, spreads to cervical lymph nodes, then blood to liver and spleen

Front 21

Epstein-Barr Virus

Lab diagnosis?

Back 21

Lymphocytosis, including atypical lymphocytes.
Heterophil antibody is typically positive (Monospot test)

Front 22

Treponema pallidum

Clinical?

Back 22

Syphilis

Front 23

Syphilis

Back 23

Primary is there is a painless ulcer at site of innoculation.

Secondary occurs weeks to months later, and is characterized by a rash, and mucous patches. Highly infectious

Tertiary is generalized, affects CNS, and Cardiovascular system. (numb feet and feet sores)

Can cause birth defects.

Front 24

Treponema pallidum

Transmission?

Back 24

STD, mother to fetus, Blood transfusions

Front 25

Treponema pallidum

Pathogenesis?

Back 25

multiplication at site of entry and then disseminates in blood

Front 26

Treponema pallidum

Lab Diagnosis?

Back 26

Dark-Field Microscopy

Serologic tests, specifically VDRL, RPR usually positive in primary infection and almost always in secondary.
FTA-ABS, TPHA positive within 3 weeks of infection, positive for life

Front 27

Treponema pertenue?

Back 27

causes "Yaws" in tropics

Front 28

Treponema carateum?

Back 28

Causes "Pinta" in central and South America

Front 29

Borrelia burgdorferi

Clinical?

Back 29

Lyme Disease

Front 30

Lyme Disease?

Back 30

Early: fever, headaches, stiff neck, skin rash ("bulls-eye rash")
Late: neurologic, cardiac, joint problems.

Front 31

Borrelia burgdorferi

Transmission?

Back 31

Ixodid Ticks

Front 32

Borrelia burgdorferi

Pathogenesis?

Back 32

invades skin and spreads to CNS, heart, and joints

Front 33

Borrelia burgdorferi

Lab diagnosis?

Back 33

serologic tests

Front 34

Borrelia recurrentis

Clinical?

Back 34

Relapsing Fever: person fever and chills then feels better for a week or so then gets them again.

Front 35

Borrelia recurrentis

Transmission?

Back 35

Lice and Ticks that bite infected rodents.

Front 36

Borrelia recurrentis

Pathogenesis?

Back 36

antigenic structure keeps changing

Front 37

Borrelia recurrentis

Lab diagnosis?

Back 37

Blood smear during febrile episodes
Serologic tests

Front 38

Leptospira interogans

Clinical?

Back 38

Leptospirosis: causes fever, meningitis, jaundice

Front 39

Leptospira interogans

Transmission?

Back 39

wild and domestic animals urine, swimming or consuming contaminated water.

Front 40

Leptospira interogans

Pathogenesis?

Back 40

bacteremia spreads to liver, kidneys, and CNS.

Front 41

Leptospira interogans

Lab diagnosis?

Back 41

Dark-Field
Serologically

Front 42

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Clinical?

Back 42

Tuberculosis

Fever, fatigue, night sweats, weight loss, cough

Front 43

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Transmission?

Back 43

Respiratory aerosols

Front 44

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Pathogenesis?

Back 44

Survive in macrophages

Cord factor
Mycolic acid

Front 45

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Lab diagnosis?

Back 45

Acid Fast bacilli with Ziehl Neelsen stain.
Slow growing
PCR to identify
PPD tests

Front 46

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Treatment?

Back 46

DOT
Long treatment

Front 47

Mycobacterium avium?

Back 47

bronchopulmonary
Disseminated infection

Esp. in AIDS patients

Front 48

Mycobacterium leprae

Clinical?

Back 48

Leprosy
Gradual onset
Spead to nerves anesthesize them

Front 49

Mycobacterium leprae

Transmission?

Back 49

Lives in human skin and nerves

Front 50

Mycobacterium leprae

Pathogenesis?

Back 50

optimal growth in lower than body temps.

Front 51

Mycobacterium leprae

Lab Diagnosis?

Back 51

Aerobic Acid Fast bacilli
Cannot by cultured in vitro
lepromin skin test

Front 52

Acinetobacter

Back 52

nosocomial infection

Front 53

Actinomycetes

Back 53

Chronically drain from abscesses in mouth or GI. The drainage has sulfur granules.

Front 54

Eikenella

Back 54

Seen in human bites

Front 55

Gardnerella vaginalis

Back 55

bacterial vaginitis

Front 56

Erysipelothrix

Back 56

cellulitis from people handling fish or meat