Microbiology Exam 1 Set 1

Front 1

what is an immune response to a innocuous material?

Back 1

allergy (asthma)

Front 2

Multiple Sclerosis is an example of what type of disease?

Back 2

autoimmune disease (anti-self immunity)

Front 3

what is a response to a transplanted tissue?

Back 3

graft rejection

Front 4

___ is a defect in immune resonse

Back 4

immunodeficiency

Front 5

___ is used to treat immune disease

Back 5

immunosuppression

Front 6

Immune response:

lysosomes, sebaceous/mucous secretions, stomach acid, commensal organisms, complement proteins, phagocytosis, NK cells are all part of what?

Back 6

2nd line of defense (cellular and humoral defenses)

Front 7

Immune response:

antibodies, cytokines, T-helper cells, cytotoxic T cells are all part of what?

Back 7

third line of defense ( cellular and humoral defenses)

Front 8

Immune response:

commensial organisms are what line of defense

Back 8

second line of defense

Front 9

Immune response:

cytokines are what line of defense

Back 9

third line of defense

Front 10

Immune response:

phagocytosis are what line of defense

Back 10

second line of defense

Front 11

Immune response:

NK cells are what line of defense

Back 11

second line of defense

Front 12

Immune response:

cytotoxic T cells are what line of defense

Back 12

third line of defense

Front 13

Immune response:

antibodies are what line of defense

Back 13

third line of defense

Front 14

Two types of immunity:

what are the 4 things under Innate (natural) immunity?

Back 14

anotomical defenses
inflammation
fever
phagocytic barriers

Front 15

two types of immunity:

WHAT ARE THE 3 THINGS under acquired (adaptive) immunity?

Back 15

specificity
tolerance
memory

Front 16

what type of immunity is considered natural immunity?

Back 16

innate immunity

Front 17

what type of immunity is considered adaptive immunity?

Back 17

acquired immunity

Front 18

fever is considered innate(natural) or acquired (adaptive) immunity?

Back 18

innate (natural)

Front 19

t/f

innate (natural) immunity is antigen specific

Back 19

false , it isn't antigen specific

Front 20

t/f

innate (natural) immunity has memory

Back 20

false, t/f

innate (natural) immunity doensn't have memory

Front 21

t/f

innate (natural) immunity is not effective without adaptive immunity

Back 21

true

Front 22

t/f

innate (natural) immunity is present at birth

Back 22

true

Front 23

t/f

innate (natural) immunity is not cellular or humoral

Back 23

false,

innate (natural) immunity is cellular and humoral

Front 24

t/f

adaptive immunity is antigen specific

Back 24

true

Front 25

t/f

adaptive immunity is has memory

Back 25

true

Front 26

____=cells, proteins and supporting systems that kill or inactivate invaders (such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa) reacts to cheicals and allergens, and monitor every cell in the body for cancer

Back 26

immune system

Front 27

what is responsibe for the immune system rejecting transplanted tissues

Back 27

MHC on the tissue

Front 28

___ is a substance that illicits an immune response

Back 28

antigen

Front 29

t/f

antigens have a size restriction of >10,000 MW

Back 29

true

Front 30

t/f

immune system does not detect an antigen regardless of it's source

Back 30

false, immune system detects antigen regardless of its source

Front 31

infected and cancer cells express identifiable antigens on their ___

Back 31

surface

Front 32

what are key components of the immune system? (3)

Back 32

blood, lymph, lymph system

Front 33

what are 2 immune system proteins?

Back 33

interferons and complement

Front 34

Lymphoid Organs:
what are the 2 primary organs?

Back 34

bone marrow and thymus

Front 35

Lymphoid organs:
what are the 5 secondary organs?

Back 35

spleen
tonsils
apendix
lymphnodes
MALT (collects Ag from the respiratory, GI tract)

Front 36

What is MALT and what does it do?

Back 36

it is a secondary organ of the lymph system that collects Ag from the GI and Respiratory tract

M.ucosa A.ssociated L.ymphatic T.issue

Front 37

What does SALT stand for ?

Back 37

S.kin A.ssociated L.ymphatic T.issue

Front 38

What allows antigens to enter the intestinal system?

Back 38

Peyer's patch

Front 39

All microorganisms are made up of 4 polymers which are:

Back 39

proteins, carbs, lipids, nucleic acids

Front 40

out of the 4 polymers that make up microorganisms, (proteins, carbs, lipids, nucleic acids) which are most reactive to antigenic compounds

Back 40

proteins

Front 41

T/F

All cells and liquids can pass through and into blood and lymph vessels and move between these two systems

Back 41

false, all cells and liquids except RBC

Front 42

where do formed elements come from?

Back 42

bone marrow

Front 43

___ has both myloid and lymphoid origins

Back 43

Leukocytes

Front 44

What things fall under leukocytes?

Back 44

T-cells and B-cells

Front 45

What activate B cells and macrophages?

Back 45

T-helper cells

Front 46

What do B Cells produce?

Back 46

antibodies that when activated become plasma cells

Front 47

that two things to T cells produce?

Back 47

cytotoxic T lymphocytes (which kill virus infected cells)

T-helper cells (which activate macrophages and B cells , which in turn make antibodies which turn into plasma cells

Front 48

immunity--> innate (natural)and adaptive

innate is
1st,
2nd
3rd
1st and 2nd
1st and 3rd
2nd and 3rd
line of defense

Back 48

1st and 2nd line of defense (physical)

Front 49

immunity--> aquired (adaptive) immunity is
1st,
2nd
3rd
1st and 2nd
1st and 3rd
2nd and 3rd
line of defense

Back 49

third line of defense

Front 50

mucous membranes of the respiratory, digestive, urinary, and reproductive systems are considered ___line of defense

Back 50

first line of defense

Front 51

what are the two major layers of the skin?

Back 51

epidermis and dermis

Front 52

which layer of the skin contains protein fibers called collagen ?

Back 52

dermis

Front 53

what is the purpose of SALT?

Back 53

an early warning system that recognizes bacteria and warns immune system

Front 54

what gives strength and pliability to resist abrasions that could introduce microorganisms?

Back 54

collagen

Front 55

what line all body cavities to the outside environment?

Back 55

mucose membranes

Front 56

what is the largest organ in the body?

Back 56

skin

Front 57

what layer of the skin is constantly shedding dead skin cells which removes attached germs?

Back 57

epidermis

Front 58

what is the difference in the epithelial cells of the surface and of the mucous membrane?

Back 58

the epithelial cells of the mucous membrane are living

Front 59

Microbial Antagonism

____ compete with potential pathogens by:
limiting pathogen growth,
consuming and rubbing pathogens of nutrients
manipulating the enviroment (pH)
help stimulate the body's second line of defense
promote overall health by providing vitamins to host

Back 59

normal flora

Front 60

what operates when pathogens succeed in penetrating the skin or mucous membranes?

Back 60

second line of defenses

Front 61

What is the thin, outer covering of the mucous membranes?

Back 61

epithelium

Front 62

what are some of the ways normal flora competes with potential pathogens?

Back 62

limiting pathogen growth,
consuming and rubbing pathogens of nutrients
manipulating the enviroment (pH)
help stimulate the body's second line of defense
promote overall health by providing vitamins to host

Front 63

the second line of defense in a nonspecific defense

t/f

Back 63

true

Front 64

second line of defense:

phagocytosis, extracellular killing by leukocytes, nonspecific chemical defenses, inflammation, fever are all components that are contained or originate where?

Back 64

the blood

Front 65

Serum contains complement proteins and antibodies

t/f

Back 65

false, plasma contains complement proteins and antibodies

Front 66

what are the cells and cell fragments called in plasma?

Back 66

formed elements

Front 67

what line of defense composes cells, antimicrobial chemicals, and processes but no phyical barriers?

Back 67

second line of defense