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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Koch's Postulates |
1. The suspected pathogen must be present in all cases of the disease and absent from healthy animals. 2. The suspected pathogen must be grown in pure culture. 3. Cells from a pure culture of the suspected pathogen must cause disease in a healthy animal. 4. The suspected pathogen must be reisolated and shown to be the same as the original. |
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Eukaryotes originate within |
Arachae |
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Portions of a light microscope |
Ocular lens, objective lense, condenser, focusing knobs |
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Rate of diffusion |
SA/V -- 3/r |
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Gram positive bacteria has |
Thicc peptidoglycan wall |
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Graham negative bacteria has |
Polysaccharides above a thin peptidoglycan wall |
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Archae characterized by |
S-layer; pseudomurein GTGT (not GMGM) |
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Bond in bacteria |
Ester |
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Bond in archaea |
Ether |
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Lipid monolayer found in |
Archaea, extreme thermofiles |
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Protects bacteria |
biofilm |
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microscopic organism that consists of either a virus, cell cluster, or single cell |
microbe |
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3 characteristics of microbial life |
compartamentalization and metabolism growth and reproduction evolution |
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importance of phytoplankton |
primary producers which form the basis for many marine food webs; serve as a biological pump to control climate by removing co2 and producing oxygen |
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importance of cyanobacteria |
essential in oxygenating earth's atmosphere; instrumental in the evolution of aerobic life |
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agriculture |
assist with nitrogen fixation |
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Hooke |
observed molds, contemporary of leewenhoek |
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Leewenhoek |
first microbiologist, ground glass to form first microscope, described first microbes |
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Cohn |
noted that bacteria were seperate from plants and animals |
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Pasteur |
disproved spontaneous generation |
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Koch |
4 postulates, linked one microbe to one disease |
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rRNA is used for investigating evolutionary relationships |
Universal- present in all life
because its functionality is highly conserved because it evolves slowly |
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light microscopy |
2000x magnification; .2Mm resolution |
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electron microscope |
100,000x mag; .2nm res |
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eye |
1x mag; 100Mm resolution |
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1m = mm = Mm = nm |
10^3; 10^6; 10^9 |
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chloroplasts arose from a symbiotic partnership between an ancestral eukaryote and a bacteria |
endosymbiont theory |
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squigly bacteria
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spirochete |
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moon shape bacteria |
spirillum |
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clustered bacteria |
staphylo |
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pairs or trios |
diplo; tetrads |
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periplasm |
between inner and outer layer of gram negative |
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purpose of cell wall |
prevent lysis |
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3 functions of wall |
protein anchor for transport proteins permability barrier energy conservation (ETC) |
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draw fatty acid and phosphate
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ok |
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draw peptidoglycan |
ok |
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long bacteria shape |
rod |
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energy is chemical or light |
phototroph |
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energy is organic |
chemoorganotroph |
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energy is inorganic |
chemolithotroph |
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energy produced with chemicals + ETC |
respiration |
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energy produced with chemicals + no ETC |
fermentation; no use of O2 |
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homofermenters |
produce 2 atp |
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heterofermenters |
produce 1 atp |
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chemolithotroph (5 things) |
no glycolysis, CAC inorganic molecule donates final e- acceptor is O2 autotrophs ATP yield variable |
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3 diff between peptidoglycan and pseudomurien |
1) glycidic linkage 1,3 2) means insensitive to lysozyme 3) diff amino acids 4) GTGT V GMGM |
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fermentation equation |
C6H12O6 + 2ATP > 2CO2 + 2C2H6O +4ATP |
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glycolysis equation |
C6H12O6 +2ATP +2NAD+ > 2C3H6O3 + 4ATP + 2NADH |
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CAC |
C3H6O3+4NAD+ +FAD+1GDP > 3CO2 +4NADH +FADH2 +1GTP |
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Respiration |
C6H12O6 + 6O2>6CO2+6H2O+38ATP |
