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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Eukaryote
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Single- or multi-cellular containing nuclei and membrane-bound organelles capable of increased diversity of functions.
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Kingdom Animalia
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Multicellular, no cell walls, heterotrophic, usually sexual reproduction.
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"Helminths"
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Two phyla of worm-like structures, flattened and compartmentalized: Platyhelminthes (flatworms) and Aschelminthes (nematodes).
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Phylum Arthropoda
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8-legged and 6-legged insects.
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Pinworm
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Adults mate in the intestine, the male dies, and the female migrates to the anus to lay eggs.
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Roundworm
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Moves from intestine, to lungs, to trachea, to bronchioles, back to the intestine where it mates. Male dies, eggs released in stool.
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Bacterial Eukarya
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Chromalveolata and Opisthokonta.
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Animal Eukarya
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Opisthokonta.
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Kingdom Protista
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Most unicellular, lack organized true tissue, some have mitochondria, have membrane-bound organelles.
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Protozoa
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Subclass of Protista, "first animals" (but not true animals), have all eukaryotic organelles 'cept chloroplasts.
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Protozoan Bauplan
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Cytoplasm has ectoplasm (outer) layer and endoplasm (inner) layer.
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Protozoa Feeding
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Heterotrophic. Some absorb through membrane, others use endocytosis.
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Protozoa Mobility
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Flagella, cilia, pseudopedia (false feet), gliding or twisting.
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Protozoan Life Cycle
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Active trophozoite form and dormant cyst form.
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Pathogenic Protozoa Groups
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Apicomplexa, Ciliophora, Mastigophora, and Sarcodina.
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Apicomplexa
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(sporozoa) ex. malaria and toxoplasmosis.
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Ciliophora
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(Ciliated).
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Mastigophora
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(Flagellated) Giardia, Leishmania, Trypanosoma.
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Sarcodina
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(amoeboid) Entamoeba.
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Kingdom Fungi
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Heterotrophs with cell walls, made of chitin, most closely related to animals. Unicellular or colonial is microscopic, multicellular macroscopic.
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Colonial or Multicellular Fungal Bauplan
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Form a hypha (network of threads) that together are called a mycelium. Septate (divided) or nonseptate (confluent).
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Unicellular Fungal Bauplan
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Called "yeasts." Each cell is a yeast. Oval shape.
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Fungal Feeding
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Heterotrophic, most saprobes (decomposers or "scavengers") some carnivorous or parasitic.
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Fungal Spore
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Type of reproduction, mix genes, method of travel, survival strategy.
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Fungal Asexual Reproduction
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Yeast budding, hyphae fragmentation or spore formation.
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Fungal Sexual Reproduction
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Principle: fusion of 2 distinct hyphae, special structures formed, meiosis, spore release.
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Zygospore Formation
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Nuclei of two hyphae fuse right away.
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Ascospores
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Sac is formed for reproduction (ascocarp).
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Basidispores
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Club-like appendage formed for reproduction (basidocarp).
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Fungi Groups
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Division II: Ascomycota, most human pathogens. Division III: Basidiomycota. Division IV: Only asexual spores, Deuteromycota.
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Ergot
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Ascomycota. Pathogenic fungus, causes St. Anthony's Fire. Possible explanation of witch trials.
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