Microbiology: Epidemiology & Pathogenesis Of Viruses, Common Cold Viruses, Human Paramyxo & Rubella Viruses: Block Ii

Front 1

What is the difference between contagious and communicable diseases?

Back 1

Contagious disease can be contracted through causual contact (breathing, handshakes). Communicable diseases are those that can be acquired through non-casual contact like sex or blood borne pathogens.

Front 2

These viruses use fecal oral transmission and usually peak in the summer and fall.

Back 2

Naked viruses - the exception is rotavirus that has its peak in the winter

Front 3

These viruses infect via the respiratory route and generally peak in the winter and spring

Back 3

Lipid enveloped viruses

Front 4

What is the major route of transmission of blood-bourne viruses like HBV, HCV and HIV?

Back 4

Parenteral/injection

Front 5

This route of transmission is either transplacental (rubella/CMV) or during birth (herpes, HBV)

Back 5

Perinatal or congenital

Front 6

Arthropod borne viruses that multiply in insect vectors and other mammalian/avian hosts and are transmitted by the bite of infected animals- peak incidence correponds with the peak of the host

Back 6

Arbovirus

Front 7

Is essential to parasite survival and a focus of the spread to other hosts.

Back 7

Resevoir host

Front 8

Viral infections transmitted through arboviral pathway use insects to get from infector to infected

Back 8

Insect Vector

Front 9

These two viruses have an incubation period that may last months

Back 9

1. Rabies
2. Hepatitis

Front 10

These viral infections have no viremic stage, have a short incubation period, have short term immunity and maybe symptomatic or asymptomatic.

Back 10

Localized infections

Front 11

This kind of viral infection is characterized by a viremic stage with a long incubation period, long term acquired immunity, and are usually symptomatic.

Back 11

Gereralized infections

Front 12

Why do viruses have a lower instance in the first year of life?

Back 12

Maternal IgG from the placenta

Front 13

What populations do viruses with multiple serotypes or antigenic variation affect?

Back 13

Have a high incidence in all age groups

Front 14

This kind of infection is terminated with immune response or death of the host, with lifelong acquired immunity for most systemic/generalized virus infections

Back 14

Acute Infection

Front 15

This kind of viral infection has shedding of the virus with or without symptomatic infection

Back 15

Chronic infection

Front 16

This kind of viral infection has persistent infection following primary acute infection where the virus was not completely shed

Back 16

Latent viral infection

Front 17

This kind of viral infection is characterized by persistent infections, usually without acute primary infection with a long incubation period followed by slowly progressive lethal neurologic disease

Back 17

Slow virus infection (ex. CJD)

Front 18

What are the two classes of common cold viruses?

Back 18

Rhino and Corona - both of which are members of the family Picornaviridae

Front 19

Why is rhinovirus inactivated in the stomach and why is its replication limited to the epithlium of the URT?

Back 19

It is inactivated at a pH of 3 and thus inactivated in the stomach. It also optimally replicates at 33 degrees and not 37 and so it is restricted to cooler places like the epithelium of the URT.

Front 20

This common cold virus is transmitted by hand to hand spread of mucus membrane secretions or aerosol spread

Back 20

Rhino

Front 21

This common cold virus is cold adapted, limiting its replication to the URT

Back 21

Rhino

Front 22

This class of picornoviridae is intestinal and transmitted via the fecal oral route

Back 22

Entero

Front 23

This picronovirus is naked ssRNA and causes URT infection

Back 23

Rhino

Front 24

This picornovirus casues gastroenteritis

Back 24

Enterovirus

Front 25

What is the incubation period of the common cold?

Back 25

2-3 days

Front 26

Nasal inflammation, runny nose

Back 26

Coryza

Front 27

What are the characteristics of upper respiratory illness?

Back 27

Nasal symptoms, headache, cough, and sore throat

Front 28

This is the major cause of the common cold with over 100 serotypes and the peak incidence in the summer and fall

Back 28

Rhinovirus

Front 29

This is commonly the cause of a cold in the winter months

Back 29

Coronavirus

Front 30

What is the incubation period and duration of infection with corona virus?

Back 30

Incubation is 3 days and duration is 3-7 days

Front 31

What is the incubation period and duration of infection with rhino virus?

Back 31

Incubation of 2 days with a duration of 9-10.

Front 32

Which two viruses cause upper respiratory symptoms transmitted by hand contact, self innoculation or aerosol spread ?

Back 32

Corona and Rhino viruses

Front 33

Disease caused by newly discovered corona virus spread from exotic animals in Asia and transmitted from human to human in asia:

Back 33

SARS - severe acute respiratory syndrome

Front 34

What are the major classes of localized and highly contagious adenovirus infections?

Back 34

1. Respiratory tract
2. Eye
3. GU tract
4. GI tract

Front 35

These clincal syndromes are all caused by which type of virus: Pharyngoconjunctival fever in children, acute respiratory disease in young adults, epidemic keratoconjunctivitis, and acute hemhorrhagic cystitis

Back 35

Adneovirus

Front 36

This live virus with enteric coating to prevent clincal infection of respiratory tract allows subclinical infection in the gastrointestinal tract and is used by the military to prevent ARD in military recruits:

Back 36

Adenovirus 4&7 vaccine

Front 37

Measles, mumps, parainfluenza, and respiratory syncitial virus are all members of what family?

Back 37

Paramyxoviridae

Front 38

Rubella is a non-arboviral member of what family?

Back 38

Togaviridae

Front 39

What does rubella, parainfluenza, measels, mumps and RSV have in common?

Back 39

They are all transmitted by the respiratory route

Front 40

Syncitia (multinucleated cells formed by cell fusion) is characteristic of which infections in culture and an important mechanism of cell to cell transfer in vivo?

Back 40

Paramyxovirus

Front 41

Koplik's spots are seen in infection with what diseases?

Back 41

Measels and mumps

Front 42

This disease has kopliks spots and a maculopapular rash

Back 42

Measels

Front 43

This disease has kopliks spots parotitis (painful swelling of the salivary glands) and orchitis (testicular swelling) or oophoritis

Back 43

Mumps

Front 44

What kind of vaccine is the MMR?

Back 44

Live attenuated - administered at 12-14 months

Front 45

This disease can be complicated by pneumonia, post-infectious encephalomyelitis, or subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE)

Back 45

Measels

Front 46

Aseptic meningitis can be a complication of which desease?

Back 46

Mumps

Front 47

This is the most important viral cause of lower respiratory tract infections such as pneumonia and bronchiolitis in infants and young children

Back 47

RSV

Front 48

How is RSV immunized against in high risk infants in the winter?

Back 48

With prophylactic passive immunization with high-titer human IgG or a humanized monoclonal antibody

Front 49

This is the major cause of croup (laryngotracheobronchitis) during fall epidemics in young children

Back 49

Parainfluenza virus

Front 50

This can occasionally cause bronchiolitis or pneumonia in infants and milder URT infections in older children and adults but more commonly causes croup

Back 50

Parainfluenza

Front 51

Characterized by blindness, brain defects, deafness, and hepatosplenomegaly

Back 51

Congenital Rubella Syndrome

Front 52

What is the assay for specific diagnosis of in utero rubella virus infection in the newborn

Back 52

Detection of serum antiviral IgM with ELISA or hemagglitination inhibition assay

Front 53

The prenatal/transplacental infection risk of this disease is greatest in early pregnancy (first trimester)

Back 53

Rubella

Front 54

What needs to be done to prevent CRS?

Back 54

Need to titer anti rubella IgG antibody in the sera of females of child bearing age using ELISA - this should be done prior to pregnancy

Front 55

Hendra and Nipah are two recently discovered zoonotic members of the family _____ which can be transmitted from infected animals and cause potentiall fatal encephalitis and/or pneumonia in humans.

Back 55

Paramyxoviridae

Front 56

What is the risk of contracting Hendra (horse) or Nipah (pig)?

Back 56

Can cause potentially fatal encephalitis and/or pneumonia in humans