Microbiology: E. Coli

Front 1

A 20 yo sexually active woman presents with burning on urination, increased frequency with urgency. Blood was present in the urine. With worsening symptoms. What might she have?

Back 1

E. coli

Front 2

what is the most commonly associated UTI in women that is related to sexual intercourse?

Back 2

E. coli

Front 3

S. saprophyticus causes what and in whom?

Back 3

UTI in sexually active adolescent girls and young adult woman

Front 4

What family does E. coli belong to?

Back 4

enterobaceriacae

Front 5

How are E coli characterized?

Back 5

gram - rods, facultative anaerobes, ferment glucose and lactose and are oxidase positive

Front 6

E. coli can have a flagella and be nonmotile or can have what type of flagella?

Back 6

peritrichous flagella

Front 7

All E coli grown on blood agar appear as? All E coli grown on MacConkey agar ferment lactose and appear as?

Back 7

1) large gray colonies
2) red colonies

Front 8

What are the major antigens of E. coli and which is the most virulent?

Back 8

1) Somatic O antigen is part of LPS
2) H antigen = flagellum
3) K antigen is polysaccharide capsule and major virulence factor

Front 9

How is the diagnosis of a UTI made? How is pyuria defined?

Back 9

1) WBCs in urine
2) 10 or more WBCs/high power field

Front 10

dipstick uses what enzyme to determine the presence of a UTI?

Back 10

1) leukocyte esterase turns dipstick color when 10 or more WBCs per high power field present

Front 11

How is significant bacteruria determined?

Back 11

cultures of clean voided midstream urine with greater than 10^5 CFU/mL urine or 10^2 if patient is symptomatic

Front 12

How is significant bacteruria determined?

Back 12

cultures of clean voided midstream urine with greater than 10^5 CFU/mL urine or 10^2 if patient is symptomatic

Front 13

How is significant bacteruria determined?

Back 13

cultures of clean voided midstream urine with greater than 10^5 CFU/mL urine or 10^2 if patient is symptomatic

Front 14

Where is proteus found? Are they motile? What do they cause in the kidney and how?

Back 14

1) common in large intestine and environment
2) highly motile
3) promote struvite kidney stones via urease enzyme

Front 15

Where is proteus found? Are they motile? What do they cause in the kidney and how?

Back 15

1) common in large intestine and environment
2) highly motile
3) promote struvite kidney stones via urease enzyme

Front 16

Where is proteus found? Are they motile? What do they cause in the kidney and how?

Back 16

1) common in large intestine and environment
2) highly motile
3) promote struvite kidney stones via urease enzyme

Front 17

What infections is proteus commonly associated with?

Back 17

1) nosicomial UTIs from catheterization
2) pneumonia
3) blood stream infections
4) surgical wounds infections

Front 18

What infections is proteus commonly associated with?

Back 18

1) nosicomial UTIs from catheterization
2) pneumonia
3) blood stream infections
4) surgical wounds infections

Front 19

What infections is proteus commonly associated with?

Back 19

1) nosicomial UTIs from catheterization
2) pneumonia
3) blood stream infections
4) surgical wounds infections

Front 20

What can be a problem with treating enterobacter? what do they commonly cause?

Back 20

1) They can have extended spectrum beta lactamases, cephalosporinases and carbapenemases
2) nosicomial UTI's, pneumonia, blood stream infections, surgical wound infections

Front 21

What can be a problem with treating enterobacter? what do they commonly cause?

Back 21

1) They can have extended spectrum beta lactamases, cephalosporinases and carbapenemases
2) nosicomial UTI's, pneumonia, blood stream infections, surgical wound infections

Front 22

Where does citrobacter reside? What does it cause? Why is it difficult to treat?

Back 22

1) intestinal tract
2) nosicomial UTI's, pneumonia, blood stream infections, surgical wound infections
3) They can have extended spectrum beta lactamases, cephalosporinases and carbapenemases

Front 23

What can be a problem with treating enterobacter? what do they commonly cause?

Back 23

1) They can have extended spectrum beta lactamases, cephalosporinases and carbapenemases
2) nosicomial UTI's, pneumonia, blood stream infections, surgical wound infections

Front 24

Where does citrobacter reside? What does it cause? Why is it difficult to treat?

Back 24

1) intestinal tract
2) nosicomial UTI's, pneumonia, blood stream infections, surgical wound infections
3) They can have extended spectrum beta lactamases, cephalosporinases and carbapenemases

Front 25

Where does citrobacter reside? What does it cause? Why is it difficult to treat?

Back 25

1) intestinal tract
2) nosicomial UTI's, pneumonia, blood stream infections, surgical wound infections
3) They can have extended spectrum beta lactamases, cephalosporinases and carbapenemases

Front 26

Serratia marcessens colonies appear as?

Back 26

red-pinkish colonies

Front 27

Serratia marcessens causes what? Why is it difficult to treat?

Back 27

1) oppurtunistic infections like UTI, pneumonia, blood infection, surgical infection
2) have extended beta lacatmases, cephalosporinases, and carbapenemases

Front 28

Where does E. coli commonly inhabit? What disposes men over 50 to UTI with E coli?

Back 28

1) large intestine
2) prostate enlargement causes urine stasis

Front 29

Uncomplicated cystitis occurs mostly in sexually active women and is caused by?

Back 29

E coli

Front 30

What types of organisms can colonize the urinary tract?

Back 30

aerobes and facultative anearobes

Front 31

What are the fimbriae seen on E coli?

Back 31

1) P-fimbraie
2) Type-I is virulence factor of uropathogenic E coli

Front 32

What are good options to treat E coli UTI?

Back 32

amoxicillin or TMP/SMX

Front 33

Can spermacides lower the incidence of UTIs?

Back 33

no they can increase it

Front 34

Who is at risk for acute bacterial menigitis with E coli? What does E coli cause in neonate?

Back 34

1) pregnant women are at highest risk for colonization with K1 antigen strain
2) sepsis and meningitis

Front 35

What are some of the unusual complications E coli can induce?

Back 35

pneumonia, septic arthritis, endophtalmitis, sinusitis, osteomyelitis, endocarditis, skin infection

Front 36

A 32 yo man presents with painful urination and yellowish penile discharge. He is sexually promiscuous. What might he have?

Back 36

Neisseria gonnorheae

Front 37

What does a Chlamydial discharge look like?

Back 37

clear

Front 38

How is gonorrhea characterized? What is diagnostic on a smear?

Back 38

gram-diplococci, that are bean shaped and appear within NEUTROPHILS

Front 39

What are the two neisseria species of importance?

Back 39

1) gonorrhea
2) meningitidis (meningococcus)

Front 40

What virulence factors does gonorrhea have?

Back 40

1) pili
2) cell-wall lipooligosaccharide (LOS)
3) outer membrane proteins (OMP)

Front 41

What selective media is gonorrhea grown on?

Back 41

thayer martin medium

Front 42

All neiserria are oxidase positve and confirmed in clinical specimens via?

Back 42

glucose fermentation, immunoassay and DNA probes

Front 43

What is the largest reservoir for gonorrhea? what other organisms does it grow in?

Back 43

1) asymptomatic carriers
2) strictly a human pathogen

Front 44

Gonorrhea binds mucosal columnar epithelial cells. How does it invade?

Back 44

via pili and OMPs

Front 45

phase variation is seen in what organism and what is it?

Back 45

gonorrhea have genetic mechanisms that allow them to control the presence or absence of certain proteins

Front 46

Why are host antibodies not effective against gonorrhea?

Back 46

they have IgA protease

Front 47

neutrophils are prevented from degranulation via what gonorrheal action?

Back 47

OMPs particularly protein I

Front 48

When gonorrhea invades where does it stop?

Back 48

subepithelial matrix where PMNs confront

Front 49

How is gonorhea treated? What should be simultaneously treated and how?

Back 49

1) ceftriaxone and quinolones
2) chlamydia with doxycycline or azithromycin

Front 50

In men where can gonorrhea spread to cause infertility? what else can it infect in men?

Back 50

1) epididymitis
2) prostate and can scar urethra

Front 51

What was a major cause of blindness in children?

Back 51

gonorrhea but is now treated with silver nitrate, tetracycline or erythromycin

Front 52

untreated gonorrhea can cause what in women?

Back 52

acute septic arthritis and skin rash

Front 53

what host molecule can gonorrhea assimilate with to prevent immune response?

Back 53

sialyation of LOS