Microbiology Dr. Banerjee Quiz 2

Front 1

Name the parts of the Bacterial Cell Anatomy.

Back 1

1. Cell Envelope

2. Appendages

3. Cytoplasm

4. Accessory Structures

Front 2

Name the 3 parts of the cell envelope.

Back 2

1. Glycocalyx

2. Cell Wall

3. Cytoplasmic membrane

Front 3

Name the 2 parts of the Glycocalyx.

Back 3

1. Slime layer

2. Capsule

Front 4

The inner membrane is called?

Back 4

Cytoplasmic membrane

Front 5

What makes up the bacterial cell's external structures?

Back 5

1. Cell envelope

2. Appendages

Front 6

What are the Internal structures of the bacterial cell?

Back 6

Accessory structures.

Front 7

What are the 4 appendages?

Back 7

1. Flagella

2. Fimbriae

3. Fili

4. Endoflagella

Front 8

What are the Accessory structures?

Back 8

1. Chromosome

2. Plasmids

3. Ribosomes

4. Inclusions

Front 9

Bacterial ribosomes have ___s.

Back 9

70

Front 10

Eukaryotic ribosomes have ____s.

Back 10

80

Front 11

What is the Glycocalyx mainly composed of?

Back 11

polysaccharide

Front 12

Glycocalyx is what on the external surface?

Back 12

Viscous, gelatinous material

Front 13

What is the capsule?

Back 13

Glycocalyx is well structured and firmly attached to cell wall

Front 14

What is the slime layer?

Back 14

Secreted portion is disorganized and loosely attached.

Front 15

What are the functions of the capsule?

Back 15

1. Protection

2. Colonization

3. Nutrients

Front 16

Strptococcus pneumoniae and capsule have 2 variants, what are they?

Back 16

1. Capsulated (promotes disease)

2. Non-capsulated (easy to be pinned down and eliminated)

Front 17

What is the plasma membrane?

Back 17

A thin structure that lies inside the cell wall and encloses cytoplasm.

Front 18

What are the plasma membrane components?

Back 18

Prokaryote pm consists of:

1. Phospholipids

2. Proteins

3. Glycoproteins

Front 19

What does the prokaryote pm lack?

Back 19

Cholesterol

Front 20

What is the exception to the no cholesterol rule for the Prokaryote pm?

Back 20

Mycoplasma membrane

Front 21

What are the plasma membrane's dynamic roles?

Back 21

1. acts as selctive barrier; monitors flow in both directions

2. helps maintain constant, appropriate internal environment

Front 22

Antibiotics and disinfectant actions?

Back 22

1. Polymixin B- antibiotic binds to PL and disrupts the integrity

2. Alcohol-dissolves membrane lipids

3. Lysol-denatures membrane protein

Front 23

Lipids are arranged how? What are they composed of?

Back 23

Arranged as bilayer, composed of phospholipids

Front 24

Proteins are in motion laterally and are grouped into what classes?

Back 24

1. Intergral Proteins

2. Peripheral Proteins

Front 25

Integral proteins:

Back 25

1. extend into or through the lipid bilayer

2. typically are transmembrane proteins/permeases

Front 26

Peripheral proteins:

Back 26

1. attached to inner or outer surface of membranes

2. Functions as enzymes, scaffold, receptors, etc.

Front 27

What is the transport system?

Back 27

Mechanism that facilitates small molecules to enter cell across the normally impermeable membrane.

Front 28

What are the roles of the transport system?

Back 28

1. Bring in nutrients

2. Expel waste products and substances harmful to the cell

3. Secretion

Front 29

The Peptidoglycan breaks into 3 parts. Name them.

Back 29

1. Backbone

2. Tail

3. Bridge

Front 30

What is linked by 0-glycosidic linkage in the backbone?

Back 30

NAM and NAG

Front 31

The tail is what?

Back 31

Tetrapeptide

Front 32

What is the Tail composed of?

Back 32

Alternating D and L amino acids.

Front 33

The bridge is what?

Back 33

Crosslink between parallel tetrapeptide side chains. Links the 4th redisule amino acid to the adjacent 3rd.

Front 34

Name the unique features of the peptidoglycan structure of the gram positive cell wall.

Back 34

1. The 3rd amino acid in the tetrapeptide tail is always L-lysine

2. wide variation in bridge amino acid sequence

3. Teichoic acids are found associated with cell wall.

4. Multilayered and permits free passage of substances

Front 35

What are the 4 types of the Flagella Arrangement?

Back 35

1. Monotrichous

2. Ampthitrichous

3. Peritrichous

4. Lophotrichous

Front 36

What are the 2 classes of TA?

Back 36

1. Lipoteichoic acid:spans the thick peptidoglycan layer, attached to pm lipids

2. Wall teichoic acid:confined to the peptidoglycan layer

Front 37

What are the functions of teichoic acids?

Back 37

1. binds and regulates positive charged ions movement into and out of the cell.

2. furnish attachment site for many bacteriophages

3. provides antigenic specificity

Front 38

T/F Gram negative cell wall has teichoic acid.

Back 38

False

Front 39

What does the gram negative cell wall consist of?

Back 39

1. Periplasm

2. few layers of peptidoglycan

3. an outer membrane

Front 40

What is periplasm?

Back 40

fluid filled space between the outer and inner membrane

Front 41

What does periplasm have a high concentration of?

Back 41

1. degradative proteins

2. transport/binding proteins

3. oligosaccharides

Front 42

What are the 2 changes that peptidoglycan have in a gram negative cell?

Back 42

1. the 3rd amino acid of the the tetrapeptide tail is always diaminopimelic acid

2. the cross bride is direct unlike gram positive

Front 43

What is the asymmetric lipid bilayer made of in the inner leaflet?

Back 43

phospholipids

Front 44

What is the asymmetric lipid bilayer made of in the outer leaflet?

Back 44

lipopolysaccahride

Front 45

What are the functions of the outer membrane?

Back 45

1. provides gram neg bacteria extra protection from antimicrobial agents

2. has the ability to "pump out" antimicrobial preparations

3. has porin molecules interpersed throughout

Front 46

What are the 2 components of Lipopolysaccharide molecule?

Back 46

1. polysaccharide portion

2. lipid portion (lipid A)

Front 47

Why is lipid portion needed?

Back 47

necessary for insertion of polysaccharides in the outer membrane leaflet.

Front 48

Lipid portion is released during bacterial lysis due to what?

Back 48

1. antibiotic treatment

2. bacterial cells are phagocytosed

3. MAC mediated lysis

Front 49

What is DIC?

Back 49

Disseminated intravascular coagulation

Front 50

Wall structure when compromised, leads to cell burst. Peptidoglycan integrity are disturbed by what?

Back 50

1. Penicillin

2. Vancomycin

3. Lysozyme

Front 51

What does penicillin do?

Back 51

interferes with peptidoglycan syntheses by binding to PBP with facilitates cross linking of adjacent tetrapeptide chain

Front 52

What does vancomycin do?

Back 52

binds to 4th amino acid of the tail and prevents cross bridging

Front 53

What does Lysozyme do?

Back 53

present in tears, saliva and body fluids, provides a natural defense, breaks bond between NAG and NAM

Front 54

What are the 3 basic parts of the Flagellum?

Back 54

1. Filament

2. Hook

3. Basal body

Front 55

What is the filament?

Back 55

long "whip like" structure with no covering and flagellin (globular protein) as the structural component

Front 56

What is the Hook?

Back 56

wider part to which filament is attached, made of different protein, not flagellin

Front 57

The basal body does what?

Back 57

anchors flagellus to the cell wall and membrane

Front 58

How many rings does gram positive and where is it attached?

Back 58

1 ring-inner attached to p.m.

Front 59

How many rings does gram neg have and where is it attached?

Back 59

2 rings-inner and outer attached to cell wall

Front 60

Describe Monotrichous and give an example.

Back 60

single polar flagella

ex. pseudomonas aeroginosa

Front 61

Describe Peritrchous and give an example.

Back 61

flagella distributed over entire surface

ex. E-coli

Front 62

Describe Amphitrichous and give an example.

Back 62

tuft of flagella at each end of cell

ex. Spirillum volutans

Front 63

Describe Lophotrichous and give an example.

Back 63

two or more flagella at one pole of cell

ex. Helicobacter pylorii

Front 64

Chemotaxis can go into 2 types. Name them.

Back 64

1. Attractant (nutrient)

2. Repellent (toxic, heat)

Front 65

What is a run pertaining to taxis?

Back 65

sustained unidirectional movement

Front 66

What is a tumble pertaining to taxis?

Back 66

sudden stop cells rolls over several time, changes direction and resumes run

Front 67

T/F Repellent has more tumbles.

Back 67

True

Front 68

T/F Attractant has more runs of longer duration and less tumbles.

Back 68

True

Front 69

How many sex pili per cells are there? What do they do?

Back 69

1-10

aids in joining cells of opposite mating types during conjugation process.

Front 70

What do fibriae do?

Back 70

1. aids in attachment to substrate as well as to one another

2. harbors adhesin, either at the tip or all along it's length

Front 71

T/F Endoflagella does not have a membranous covering.

Back 71

False

Front 72

Give 2 examples of spirochetes that endoflagella are present in.

Back 72

1. Treponema pallidum (syphilis)

2. Lyme disease

Front 73

What type of motion does endoflagella use to drill into viscous tissues of their host?

Back 73

cork screw.