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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Central Nervous System
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Brain and Spinal cord
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Peripheral Nervous System
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nerves that supply parts of the body with sensory info
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Nervous System Defenses
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Meninges
Microglial cells Blood Brain Barrier |
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Meninges
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protective covering around brain and spinal cord
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Microglial Cells
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Destroy invading microorganisms in the nervous system
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Blood Brain Barrier
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thick wall capillaries that restrict microorganism entry into brain
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Normal Microflora of Nervous System
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None
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Bacterial Meningitis
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Inflammation of meninges (meningicoccal/hib/strep)
Cause: E. coli, strep, HIB, neisseria spread through pneumonia, strep, or otitis media Symptoms: inflammation of meninges that causes necrosis, clots, increased ICP, and shock headache, fever, chills, seizures Dx: Spinal tap Treatment: antibiotics vary |
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Meningococcal Meningitis
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Type of bacterial meningitis
Cause: Neisseria meningitis Primary form of meningitis is U.S. Organisms colonize in nose and migrate to meninges and release endotoxin Symptoms: hemorrhage in adrenal glands, petechial skin rash, Treatment: PCN/ Vaccine for type A/C |
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HIb
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Cause: Haemophilius influenza
Most common cause of bacterial meningitis before vaccine invented Fatal if untreated |
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Viral Meningitis
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Cause: usually enterovirus or mumps virus
Self limiting/nonfatal |
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Listeriosis
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Cause: Listeria monocytogenes from contaminated milk/cheese/meats/veggies
Type of meningitis/ leading cause of infection in liver transplants Mening |
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Rabies
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Cause: RNA containing rhabdorvirus from mammals worldwide
Dx: IFAT detects rabies in brain tissues Treatment: Hyper-immune rabies can be added to wound to hopefully neutralize virus before reaching CNS -no treatment after reaching CNS Attenuated vaccine available |
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Encephalitis
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Inflammation of brain
Cause: togavirus or flavivirus from mosquitos infected from equine/sparrows Symptoms: fever, headache, convulsions, neuro issues Treatment: only to alleviate symptoms Prevention: Mosquito control |
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West Nile Virus
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New to U.S.
Cause: arbovirus Dx: Serological detection Treatment: Limited |
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Leprosy
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Aka Hansen's Disease
Cause: Acid-fast bacillus Mycobacterium leprae Symptoms: 2-21 yr incubation/discolored skin or disfiguring lesions leading to limb or bone deformation Treatment: available but no vaccine |
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Tetanus
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Cause: obligate anaerobe, Clostridium tetani spore common in soils/ normal in horses and cattle
Requires a deep puncture wound to reach lower tissues and release exotoxin Treatment: antitoxin Prevention: toxoid vaccine very effective |
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Botulism
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Cause: spore forming Colstridium botulinum produces exotoxins from improperly canned foods
Symptoms: muscle paralysis (eyes/limbs/larynx) Dx: clinical symptoms and history/ serological testing of feces or food Treatment: antitoxin/ respiratory support |
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Infant Botulism
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Associated with honey consumption
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Poliomyelitis
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Cause: picornviruses that travel to CNS
Symptoms: sometimes paralysis Dx: pharyngeal swab/ fecal swab Prevention: Salk/ Sabin vaccine Almost nonexistent in U.S |
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Diseases causing by prions
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Kuru
Creutzfeldt-Jakob Diseases Gerstmann-Strassler Disease Scrapie (Goats) Chronic Wasting Disease (mule/deer) Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (cattle) |
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Prion
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small infectious spongiform encephalopathies that remain latent in neural cells for up to 10 years
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Alzheimer's Disease
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Neural disease with possible association with infectious etiology
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African Sleeping Sickness
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aka trypanosomiasis
Cause: protazoan blood parasite, Tryanosoma) in tsetse flies that bite humans Symptoms: febrile; array of symptoms Dx: parasite in blood Treatment: melarsoprol available but most are toxic |
