Microbiology - Control Of Microbial Growth (Ch7)

Front 1

Example of Phenolic

Back 1

Throat sprays

Front 2

Describe Hexachlorophene

Back 2

A bisphenol, can cause neurological damage

Front 3

How do phenolics work?

Back 3

Injure lipid containing plasma membranes

Front 4

How do bisphenols work?

Back 4

Disrupt plasma membranes

Front 5

How do biguanides work?

Back 5

Disrupt plasma membranes

Front 6

How do alcohols work?

Back 6

Denature proteins and dissolve lipids

Front 7

How do heavy metals work?

Back 7

Interferes with protein function

Front 8

How does soap/detergent work?

Back 8

Emulsifies oily film so it can be washed away by water

Front 9

How does anionic agents work? (used to disinfect dairy equipment)

Back 9

Reacts with plasma membrane (due to - charge)

Front 10

3 facts about Quats (quaternary ammonium compounds)

Back 10

Rapidly neutralized by anionic agents and soaps

Front 11

Halogens

Back 11

Iodine, iodophor (Betadine), bleach, Chloride of lime

Front 12

What is a tincture

Back 12

Solution in aqueous alcohol (iodine available as a tincture)

Front 13

Bleach

Back 13

hypochlorous acid (HOCl) originating from sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl)

Front 14

Chloride of lime

Back 14

Calcium hypochlorite

Front 15

% Ethanol used

Back 15

70%

Front 16

What is the potential problem using alcohol on wounds

Back 16

Cause coagulation of a layer of protein under which bacteria continue to grow

Front 17

Heavy metals - antimicrobial or antibiotic?

Back 17

Antimicrobial

Front 18

Why is/was silver nitrate used on infants eyes at birth?

Back 18

To protect from STD's

Front 19

What is a surfactant?

Back 19

reduces surface tension

Front 20

What is a quaternary ammonium compound?

Back 20

Quat

Front 21

3 chemical food presevatives

Back 21

Organic Acids, sulfur dioxide, nitrates/nitrites

Front 22

How do organic acids work?

Back 22

Inhibit metabolism of bacteria

Front 23

What are organic acids used in?

Back 23

Bread, cheese, soda, cosmetics

Front 24

How is sulfur dioxide used?

Back 24

Winemaking

Front 25

How are nitrates/nitrites used?

Back 25

Meat, prevent botulism spores from growing

Front 26

Problem with nitrates/nitrites?

Back 26

Nitrosamines are Carcinogenic

Front 27

How do aldehydes disinfect?

Back 27

inactive proteins by cross linking with functional groups

Front 28

Use for aldehydes?

Back 28

Embalming

Front 29

Adehyde that can be used to sterilize?

Back 29

Glutaraldehyde

Front 30

What is ethylene oxide?

Back 30

Flammable, gaseous sterilant

Front 31

How does hydrogen perioxide work?

Back 31

Oxidizing agent, slows healing

Front 32

What enzyme neutralizes H2O2

Back 32

Catalase

Front 33

Which is easier to kill, G- or G+

Back 33

Gram + are generally easier to kill

Front 34

How do you kill Prions?

Back 34

NaOH and autoclaving at 134C

Front 35

What is a prion

Back 35

Pathogenic/infectious proteins that can cause neurologic damage

Front 36

How do hologens work?

Back 36

Oxidation

Front 37

Bacterial Populations die at a constant _____ _____

Back 37

Logarithmic rate

Front 38

Effectiveness of antimicrobial treatment depends on (5)

Back 38

# of microbes, presence of organic matter, time of exposure, biofilms, microbial characteristics

Front 39

3 ways antimicrobial agents kill?

Back 39

damage to plasma membrane (lipids or proteins), proteins are denatured (H bonds susceptible to heat), interfere with replication (nucleic acids) and metabolic functions

Front 40

Heat sterilization - problems

Back 40

may inactivate vitamins, expense, damage to materials

Front 41

Moist heat works by

Back 41

denaturing proteins

Front 42

Autoclave works by

Back 42

steam under pressure (121C/5 minutes)

Front 43

Disadvantages of autoclaving

Back 43

Heat take longer to reach center, steam must contact all surfaces

Front 44

How does dry heat work

Back 44

oxidation

Front 45

How does filtration work

Back 45

physically removes bacteria

Front 46

Ionizing radiataion examples

Back 46

x-rays, gamma rays, electron beams

Front 47

Non-ionizing radiation, example

Back 47

UV light

Front 48

Pasteurization

Back 48

72C/15 seconds

Front 49

5 principles of controlling microbial growth

Back 49

Correct concentration of disinfectant
absence of organic matter
Correct pH
Enough time
Most chemical methods don't achieve sterilization

Front 50

Use dilution

Back 50

metal rings dipped in bacteria and dried, transferred to disinfectant for 10 minutes, cultured to look for bacterial survival

Front 51

What is phenol?

Back 51

Carbolic acid - Lister, rarely used because it irritates skin.
Draw!