Microbiology Chapters 1-4-5

Front 1

Which are correct about gram negative cell walls

Back 1

contains LPS]
thin layer of peptidoglycan
bounded by a outer cell membrane

Front 2

gram positive cell walls

Back 2

teichoic acid present
thick layer of peptidoglycan

Front 3

contains 70s ribosomes
flagella composed of packets of protein called flagellin
contain no membrane

Back 3

Procaryotes

Front 4

molecules composed of alternating molecules of NAG and NAM with amino acid bridging

Back 4

peptoglycan

Front 5

contains two large homologous chromosomes
divides by simple mitosis

Back 5

eukaryotes

Front 6

proteins act as enzymes to catalyze reactions
mostly a bilayer of phospholipids
proteins form channels
may act as a selective barrier

Back 6

prokaryotic cell membrane

Front 7

which are correct about sporogenesis in bacteria

Back 7

cell membrane moves down between replicated DNA,
peptidogycan is deposited between membranes,
terminal spore is seen at the end of the bacillus,
germination creates one bacteria,

Front 8

amphitrichous

Back 8

single flagella arrangement at each pole of the bacteria

Front 9

monotrichous

Back 9

one flagella at the end of bacteria

Front 10

lophotrichous

Back 10

two or more flagella at the end of bacteria

Front 11

peritrichous

Back 11

all around the flagella of bacteria

Front 12

A mucopolysaccaride that protects the bacteria from phagocytic cells in the body

Back 12

capsule

Front 13

cluster of cocci

Back 13

staphylococci

Front 14

organelle that both eucaryotic and procaryotic cells

Back 14

ribosome

Front 15

genera contains no cell wall

Back 15

Mycoplasma

Front 16

pathway for producing riboses and deoxyriboses from glucose

Back 16

Pentose phosphate

Front 17

Glycolysis end product is

Back 17

Pyruvate acid

Front 18

Glycolysis

Back 18

does not req. oxygen, generates net two ATP's per glucose, occurs in the cytoplasm, end product of two molecules of pyruvic acid, produes 2NADH's per glucose

Front 19

two molecules with the same atoms but a different arrangement of the atom are

Back 19

isomeres

Front 20

amount of energy req. for chemical reaction to occur

Back 20

activation

Front 21

PEP phosphoenolpyruvic acid to pyruvic acid best illustrates which phosphorylation

Back 21

substrate phosphorylation

Front 22

organic molecule that can supplement or attach to the active site so the substrate can fit

Back 22

coenzyme

Front 23

enzyme that removes atoms without water

Back 23

lyase

Front 24

the competitive inhibitor bonds with the

Back 24

active site

Front 25

glucose to pyruvic acid, glucose to CO2 and water, fats(lipid) to fatty acids and glycerol can be describe by

Back 25

catabolic-lg. molecule breaks down to sm. molecules

Front 26

who coin the word "cell"

Back 26

Hook

Front 27

the first microscope was used by

Back 27

Janssen

Front 28

Roman culture did what?

Back 28

developed sewer system, developed tech. in food perservation, constructed aquaducts

Front 29

Greeks culture did what

Back 29

promoted boiling of water,

Front 30

Egyptian culture did what

Back 30

developed applications of chemotherapy,

Front 31

Hebrew culture did what

Back 31

developed isolation of sick people,

Front 32

who developed scientific nomenclature

Back 32

Linneaus

Front 33

The big bang occured about

Back 33

15 billion years ago

Front 34

bacteria and other microorganisms have the ability to

Back 34

ferment a variety of products like acetone, play a role as decomposers, play a role in production of a variety of foods, make drugs like insulin

Front 35

study of fungi is called

Back 35

mycolgy

Front 36

metabolism

Back 36

sum of the chemical reactions in an organism all the chemical reactions in the cell

Front 37

anabolic

Back 37

small molecule becomes a large molecule uses energy

Front 38

hydolysis

Back 38

involves breaking up water bond

Front 39

phosphorylation

Back 39

addition of a phosphate to a chemical compound

Front 40

carboxylation

Back 40

addition of a CO2

Front 41

decarboxylation

Back 41

removal of a CO2

Front 42

enzymes

Back 42

speed up the chemical reaction lowering the amt.of energy

Front 43

product

Back 43

unchanged enzyme

Front 44

coenzymes

Back 44

non protein, organic molecules derived from vitamins, allow an awkward substate to fit into an active site

Front 45

NAD, NADP, FAD, CoA are examples of

Back 45

coezymes

Front 46

ligase

Back 46

joining of molecules uses ATP building RNA, DNA, and req. energy

Front 47

metabolic pathway

Back 47

series of biochemical reaction each catalysis by a enzyme

Front 48

phosphorylation of ADP generated by

Back 48

ATP

Front 49

Entner-Doudoroff pathway

Back 49

Pseudomoas, Rhizobium, Agrobacteria, bacteria don't have the energy to make glycose, produce one ATP, will have 2 Pyruvic acid

Front 50

metabolic pathway

Back 50

occurs in the cytoplasm, end product is 2 Pyruvic acid, no oxygen, net of 2 ATP's

Front 51

operates simultaneously with glycolysis and provided a means for the breakdown of pentose glucose, nucleic acid, carbonioxide, certain amino acid, certain amino acids

Back 51

Pentose phosphate pathway

Front 52

biosythesis

Back 52

small molecule converts to a large molecule, another term for anabolism

Front 53

oxidative-phosporlylation

Back 53

the process by which ATP is formed through a series of oxidation-reduction reactions that occur during the final phase of respiration

Front 54

glycosis takes place in

Back 54

cytoplasm

Front 55

2 pyruvate acid=

1 glucose=

Back 55

1 ATP

36 ATP's

Front 56

NADH=

Back 56

3 ATP's

Front 57

electron transport chain or ETC

Back 57

found in the inner membrane of michodrial or inner membrane of bacteria, cytochomes and FMN are going to carry electrons

Front 58

Krebs cycle generates

Back 58

NADH and FADH2

Front 59

no oxygen, a bunch of NADH's and FADH2 will build up and the NADH will act as a noncopetive inhibitor and shut down the Krebs cycle leaving only Pyrvic acid and the glycolysis will give up the Pyrvic acid

Back 59

fermentation

Front 60

fermentation

Back 60

Pyruvic acid---------->Lactic acid, NADH is oxidized and Pyruvic acid is reduced.

Front 61

found the right temp. to kill the bad microbe so wine won't spoil, saved the wine Industry in France, believed another silkworm disease was caused by a protozoan, came up with the treatment of rabies, cholera vaccine, showed microbes in the air can spoil food and cause animal diseases

Back 61

Pasteur

Front 62

showed that a silkworm disease was caused by a fungus.

Back 62

Bassi

Front 63

rule to wash hands with a lime solution

Back 63

Semmelweis

Front 64

phenol was sprayed as a disinfective on bandages

Back 64

Lister

Front 65

discovered causes of cholera, TB, a specific microbe causes a specific disease, isolation technique, anthrax, use a agar stain isolation

Back 65

Koch