Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What are the factors influcencin enzyme activity?
|
temperature
pH substrate inhibitors |
|
|
What is oxidation?
|
removal of electrons
|
|
|
What is reduction?
|
gain of electrons
|
|
|
What is a redox reasction?
|
an oxidation reaction paired with a reduction reation
|
|
|
What are biological osidations called?
|
dehydorgenations
|
|
|
How is ATP generated?
|
by the phopshorylatoin of ADP
|
|
|
energy transfer between what generates ATP?
|
PO4 and ADP
|
|
|
Describe the electron transport chain?
|
energy is realeased from transfer of electrons of one compound to naother and is used to generate ATP
|
|
|
What does light cause chorophyll to do?
|
give up electrons
|
|
|
What is photophosphoroylation?
|
energy released from transfer of electrons of chlorophyll throuhg a system of carrier molecules that generates ATP
|
|
|
What are the steps in the breakdown of carbohydrates to release energy?
|
glycolysis
krebs cycle electron transport chain |
|
|
What is glycolysis?
|
the oxidation of glucose to pyruvic acid that produces ATP and NADH
|
|
|
HOw many ATP are used in the preparatory stage of glycolysis?
|
two ATP
|
|
|
What does glucose split into to form during the preparatory stage glycolysis?
|
2 glucose and 3 phosphate
|
|
|
What is produced in the energy conserving stage of glycolysis?
|
4 ATP and 2 NADH
|
|
|
What is oxidized and into what in the energy conserving stage of glycolysis?
|
2 glucose
3 phosphate oxidized into 2 pyruvic acid |
|
|
What are the two alternatives to glycolysis?
|
pentose phosphate pathway, which uses pentoses and NADPH
entner-doudoroff pathway, produces NADPH and ATP, does not invovle glycolysis |
|
|
What is cellular respiration?
|
oxidation of molecules that liverates electrons for an electron transport chain
|
|
|
How is ATP generated in cellular respiration?
|
phosphoralation
|
|
|
What is the intermediate step?
|
pyruvic acid is oxidized and decarboyxlated
|
|
|
What is the electron transport chain?
|
a series of carrier molecules that are, in turn, oxidized and reduced as electrons are passed down the chain
|
|
|
energy released by the electron transport chain can be used to produce ATP by ?
|
chemiosmosis
|
|
|
What is aerobic respiration?
|
the final electron acceptor in the electron transport cahin is molecular oxygen
|
|
|
WHat is anaerobic respiration?
|
the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain is not O2, yields less energy than aerobic
|
|
|
What is fermentation?
|
any spoilage of food by microorganisms, any process that produces alcholic beverages or acidic dairy products, any large scale microbial processin occuring without air
|
|
|
What is the scientific definition of fermentation?
|
release of energy grom oxidation of organic molecules, does not require oxygen, does not use the Krebs cycle or ETC, uses an organic molcule as the final electron acceptor
|
|
|
What does alchohol fermentation produce?
|
ehanol and CO2
|
|
|
What does lactic acid fermentation produce?
|
lactic acid
|
|
|
What does homolactic fermentation produce?
|
lactic acid only
|
|
|
What does heterolactic fementation produce?
|
lactic acid and other compounds
|
|
|
What is carbon fixation?
|
fixing carbon into organic molecules
|
|
|
What is light independent reaction?
|
calvin benson cycle
|
|
|
What do chemortrophs do?
|
use energy from chemicals
|
|
|
What is amphibolic pathways?
|
metabolic pathways taht have both catabolic and anabolic functions
|
