Microbiology Chapter 4 Functional Anatomy Of Prokaryotic Cells Notes

Front 1

comes from the greek word prenucleus

Back 1

prokaryote

Front 2

comes from the greek words true nucleus

Back 2

eukaryote

Front 3

one circular chromosome, not in a membrane

p or e

Back 3

prokaryote

Front 4

no histones

p or e

Back 4

prokaryote

Front 5

no organelles

p or e

Back 5

prokaryote

Front 6

peptidoglycan cell walls

p or e

Back 6

prokaryote

Front 7

binary fission

p or e

Back 7

prokaryote

Front 8

paired chromosomes, in nuclear membrane

p or e

Back 8

prokaryote

Front 9

histones

p or e

Back 9

eukaryote

Front 10

organelles

p or e

Back 10

eukaryote

Front 11

polysaccharide cell walls

p or e

Back 11

eukaryote

Front 12

mitotic spindle

p or e

Back 12

eukaryote

Front 13

what is the average size of bacteria

Back 13

0.2 - 1.0 um x 2 - 9 um

Front 14

what are the basic shapes of bacteria

Back 14

coccus
bacillus
sprillium

Front 15

what are unusual shapes of bacteria

Back 15

star-shaped stella
square haloarcula

Front 16

most bacteria are

Back 16

monomorphic

Front 17

a few bacteria are

Back 17

pleomorphic

Front 18

what are the arrangements for bacteria in pairs

Back 18

diplococci, diplobacilli

Front 19

what are the arrangements for bacteria in clusters

Back 19

staphylococci

Front 20

what are the arrangements for bacteria in chains

Back 20

streptococci, streptobacilli

Front 21

glycocalyx is ______ cell wall

Back 21

outside

Front 22

the texture of glycocalyx is usually

Back 22

sticky

Front 23

in a glycocalyx, a capsule is

Back 23

neatly organized

Front 24

in a glycocalyx, a slime layer is

Back 24

unorganized and loose

Front 25

in a glycocalyx, extrecellular polysaccharide allows

Back 25

cell to attach

Front 26

in glycocalyx, capsules prevent

Back 26

phagocytosis

Front 27

flagella is _____ cell wall

Back 27

outside

Front 28

flagella is made of chains of

Back 28

flagellin

Front 29

flagella is attached to

Back 29

a protein hook

Front 30

flagella is anchored to the _____ and membrane by the _______

Back 30

wall
basal body

Front 31

what are the 4 types of flagella arrangement

Back 31

monotrichious
amphitrichious
lophotrichous
peritrichous

Front 32

motile cells rotate flagella to

Back 32

run or tumble

Front 33

motile cells move toward or away from

Back 33

stimuli (taxis)

Front 34

flagella proteins are

Back 34

H antigens

Front 35

endoflagella is an

Back 35

axial filament

Front 36

endoflagella is in

Back 36

spirochetes

Front 37

endoflagella is anchored at

Back 37

one end of the cell

Front 38

the rotation of endoflagella causes

Back 38

the cell to move

Front 39

fimbriae allows

Back 39

attachment

Front 40

pili are used to

Back 40

transfer DNA from one cell to another

Front 41

cell walls prevent

Back 41

osmotic lysis from spreading

Front 42

the cell wall is made of

Back 42

peptidoglycan (in bacteria)

Front 43

the polymer of disaccharide, N-acetylglucosamine (NAG) and N-acetylmuramic acid (NAM)

Back 43

peptidoglycan

Front 44

what is linked by polypeptides

Back 44

peptidoglycan

Front 45

gram-positive cell walls have ______ peptidoglycan

Back 45

thick

Front 46

gram-positive cell walls have _____ acids

Back 46

teichoic

Front 47

gram-positive cell walls: in acid-fast cells, they contain

Back 47

mycolic acid

Front 48

gram-negative cell walls have _____ peptidoglycan

Back 48

thin

Front 49

gram-negative cell walls have ________ acids

Back 49

no teichoic

Front 50

gram-negative cell walls: _____ membrane

Back 50

outer

Front 51

gram-positive cell walls: lipoteichoic acid links to

Back 51

plasma membrane

Front 52

gram-positive cell walls: wall teichoic acid links to

Back 52

peptidoglycan

Front 53

gram-positive cell walls: may regulate movement of

Back 53

cations

Front 54

gram-positive cell walls: polysaccharides provide

Back 54

antigenic variation

Front 55

gram-negative outer membrane contain

Back 55

lipopolysaccharides
lipoproteins
phospholipids

Front 56

gram-negative outer membrane forms the _______ between the _____________

Back 56

periplasm
outer membrane and the plasma membrane

Front 57

gram-negative outer membrane: protection from

Back 57

phagocytes, complement, and antibiotics

Front 58

gram-negative outer membrane: _____________ antigen

Back 58

O polysaccharide antigen

Front 59

gram-negative outer membrane: _____ is an endotoxin

Back 59

Lipid A

Front 60

porins

Back 60

proteins

Front 61

gram-negative outer membrane: porins form

Back 61

channels through membrane

Front 62

gram stain mechanism: what forms in the cell

Back 62

crystal violet-iodine crystals

Front 63

gram stain mechanism-gram-positive:

alcohol dehydrates

Back 63

peptidoglycan

Front 64

gram stain mechanism-gram-positive:

CV-I crystals

Back 64

do not leave

Front 65

gram stain mechanism-gram-negative:

______ dissolves outer membrane and leaes holes in peptidoglycan

Back 65

alcohol

Front 66

gram stain mechanism-gram-negative:

CV-I

Back 66

washes out

Front 67

damage to cell walls:

______ digests disaccharide in peptidoglycan

Back 67

lysozyme

Front 68

damage to cell walls:

______ inhibits peptide bridges in peptidoglycan

Back 68

penicillin

Front 69

damage to cell walls:

protoplast is a _______

Back 69

wall-less cell

Front 70

spheroplast is a

Back 70

wall-less gram-positive cell

Front 71

L forms are

Back 71

wall-less cells that swell into irregular shapes

Front 72

protoplasts and spheroplasts are susceptible

Back 72

osmotic lysis

Front 73

endospores

Back 73

resting cells

Front 74

endospores are resistant to

Back 74

desiccation, heat, chemicals

Front 75

examples of endospores

Back 75

Bacillus, Clostridium

Front 76

sporulation

Back 76

endospore formation

Front 77

germination

Back 77

return to vegetative state