Microbiology Chapter 3 Staining Notes

Front 1

what is a smear

Back 1

a thin film of a solution of microbes on a slide

Front 2

why is a smear usually fixed

Back 2

to attach the microbes to the slide and to kill the microbes

Front 3

how do researchers make discoveries about cell behavior

Back 3

by observing live specimens

Front 4

what do stains consist of

Back 4

a positive and negative ion

Front 5

the chromopore is a cation in a

Back 5

basic dye

Front 6

the chromophore is an anion in a

Back 6

acidic dye

Front 7

what is negative staining

Back 7

staining the background instead of the cell

Front 8

what type of staining uses a single basic dye

Back 8

simple stain

Front 9

what is a mordant used for

Back 9

to hold the stain or coat the specimen to enlarge it

Front 10

the gram stain classifies bacteria into

Back 10

gram-positive or gram-negative

Front 11

gram-positive bacteria tend to be

Back 11

killed by penicillin and detergents

Front 12

gram-negative bacteria are more

Back 12

resistant to antibiotics

Front 13

what are the basic steps to gram staining

Back 13

1. apply crystal violet to the slide
2. apply iodine (mordant)
3. alcohol wash (decolorization)
4. apply safranin (counterstain)

Front 14

what are cells that retain a basic stain in the presence of acid-alcohol called

Back 14

acid-fast

Front 15

non-acid fast cells lose the basic stain when rinsed with bacteria and are usually ______ to see them

Back 15

counterstained

Front 16

what staining is useful for capsules

Back 16

negative staining

Front 17

what is required to drive a stain into endospores

Back 17

heat

Front 18

what requires a mordant to make the flagella wide enough to see

Back 18

flagella staining