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88 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
What word describes a small fluid-filled lesion of < 1cm?
Vesicle
What word describes a small fluid-filled lesion of > 1cm?
Bullae
What are flat, reddened lesions?
Macules
What are raised lesions?
Papules
What are raised lesions that contain pus?
Pustules
What areas are normal microbiota in higher numbers on the skin??
Warm, moist areas
What is the causative microbe of dandruff?
Malassezia furfur
What are the treatments for Malassezia furfur?
Dandruff treatments include ketoconazole, zinc pyrithione, selenium sulfide
What is the microbe associated with 90% of skin infections?
Coagulase negative staphylococcus (ie S. epidermiditis - may form biofilm on ivs or catheters)
What is the most pathogenic staphylococci?
S. aureus - almost all are coagulase positive
What word describes infections of the hair follicles?
Folliculitis
What word describes infection of the eyelash follicle?
Sty
What word describes a serious follicle infection that is a type of abcess?
furuncle
What word describes a furuncle that the body fails to wall off?
Carbuncle
What word describes a hard, round, deep inflammation of tissue under the skin?
Carbuncle; usually with fever
What is the name of the disease that is characterized by lesions that later crust over and is spread by direct contact? What is the organism responsible?
Non-bullous impetigo; S. aureus
What is the name of the disease that is characterized by a localized toxin that causes bullae and a circulating toxin that causes 'scaled' skin and exfoliation? What is the organism responsible?
Bullous impetigo; S. aureus
What condition is characterized by fever, vomiting, sunburntlike rash followed by shock and sometimes organ failure (also may lead to scaled skin syndrome)? What is the organism responsible?
Toxic Shock Syndrome; S. aureus (sometimes Streptococcus pyogenes but that causes less likely of a rash but higher chance of bacteremia)
Why does Toxic Shock Syndrome induce shock?
the toxin acts as a superantigen
What is the most Virulent form of Streptococcus pyogenes?
Group A Beta Hemolytic
What is a Streptococcus pyogenes virulence factor that aids in adhesion and may be antigenic?
M protein
What is a Streptococcus pyogenes virulence factor that helps evade the immune response?
Capsule
What is a Streptococcus pyogenes virulence factor that lyse RBCs and are toxic to neutrophils?
Hemolysins and streptolysins
What are the S&S of erysipelas?
Reddish patch that is first on face, can lead to tissue destruction, sepsis, fever
What is the causative microbe of erysipelas?
Streptococcus pyogenes
What word describes the condition when Streptococcus pyogenes attacks solid tissue?
Cellulitis
What word describes the condition when Streptococcus pyogenes attack muscle?
Myositis
What word describes the condition when Streptococcus pyogenes attack muscle covering?
Necrotizing facilitis
What toxin does invasive group A of Streptococcus pyogenes produce?
Exotoxin A (superantigen)
Where is Pseudomonas aeruginosa found?
Soil, water, hospital flower vases, mop water
What is the condition that Pseudomonas aeruginosa causes that can be acquired from hot tubs or pools?
Pseudomonoas dermatitis
What is otitis externa and what causes it?
Swimmer's ear; Pseudomonoas aeruginosa
What is used on burn patients to prevent P. aeruginosa infections?
Silver sulfadiazine
What is the etiology of acne?
Channels for passage of sebum clog (excess shedding of skin cells and sebum)
What term describes the accumulation of sebum caused blackheads?
Comedonal acne
What is the treatment for comedonal acne?
Azelic acid, salicyclic acid, retinoids
What is the causative microbe of inflammatory acne?
Propionibacterium acnes
What is the treatment for inflammatory acne?
Benzoyl peroxide, clindamycin, erythromycin, clear light. When severe, isotretinoin.
What term describes when the metabolism of sebum forms free fatty acids that cause inflammatory response at the skin?
Inflammatory acne
What term describes deep pus filled lesions that form nodules and cysts and cause scarring?
Nodular cystic acne
What is the causative microbe of smallpox?
Variola
Monkeypox and smallpox are what genus of viruses?
orthopoxviruses
What is another term for chickenpox? What is the causative microbe?
varicella; herpesvirus varicella-zoster
What is another term for shingles? What is the causative agent?
herpes-zoster; herpesvirus varicella-zoster
What is the method of transmission for chickenpox?
Respiratory
What is a complication of chickenpox, influenza and other viruses that is associated with the administration of aspirin?
Reyes syndrome (can cause death, neurological damage)
What is the treatment for shingles?
Acyclovir, valacyclovir, and famciclovir
What term describes infections of chickenpox in vaccinated persons?
Breakthrough varicella
How is herpes simplex 1 transmitted?
Oral or respiratory route
What s&s does HSV1 cause?
Cold sores/fever blisters
What triggers HSV1 reactivation?
Stress, UV, hormones associated with menstruation
What is the causative microbe of Measles?
Rubeola
How is Measels transmitted?
Respiratory
What are the S&S for measels?
Koplik's spots in mouth, macular rash
Is there any prophylaxis for measels?
Yes, MMR vaccine
What is the causative microbe for German Measles?
Rubella
What is the main difference between German and regular Measles?
German measles last typically 3 days and is mild while regular measles longer and has a stronger rash
What is the condition that is describes as "slapped cheek" appearance, results in mild flu symptoms, and is caused by parvovirus b19?
Erythema infectiosum
What is the causative agent of Roseola?
herpesvirus 6&7
How is roseola transmitted?
Respiratory
What is the treatment for roseola?
none
What is the treatment for Erythema infectiosum?
none
What is another name for Erythema infectiosum?
Fifth disease
What is the causative microbe of Candidiasis?
Candida albicans
How is Candidiasis transmitted?
Direct contact or endogenous
What are the treatments for Candidiasis?
Miconazole or clotrimozole
What is ringworm of the scalp called?
Tinea capitis
What is ringworm of the groin called?
Tinea cruris
What is ringworm of the feet called?
Tinea pedis
What is ringworm of the nails called?
Tinea unguium (onchomyosis)
What are fungi that colonize hair, nails, and outer layer of epidermis called?
Dermatophytes (cause dermatomycoses)
What are the causative microbes of cutaneoups mycoses?
(genera) Trichophyton, Microsporum, Epidermophyton
If hair is involved in a fungal infection, what is a treatment often used instead of topical antifungals?
griseofulvin
Sporotrichosis causes what kind of infection?
Subcutaneous Mycoses
What is the treatment for Sporotrichosis?
Ingestion of dilute potassium iodide
What are microscopic mites that burrow under the skin to lay eggs, cause intense itching, and transmitted by close contact?
Scabies
What is the treatment for scabies?
permethrin (topical) or ivermectin(oral)
What is Pediculosis?
lice infection
What is the treatment for Pediculosis?
dimethicone, oral ivermectin, fine tooth comb
What is the most common bacterial cause of Conjunctivitis?
Hemophilus influenzae
What is the most common viral cause of conjunctivitis?
Adenovirus
What is a major causative microbe in neonatal blindess?
Neisseria gonorrhea
What is the treatment for Neonatal gonorrheal opthalmia?
Tetracycline or erythromycin
What is the causative microbe of Inclusion Conjuctivitis?
Chlamydia trachomatis
How is Clamydia trachomatis transmitted?
Acquired during birth by newborns and in swimming pools due to unchlorinated water
What is the causative microbe of Trachoma?
Chlamydia trachomatis (towels, flies transmit)
What might be the number one cause of blindness in the US?
HSV1 - Herpetic keratitis
What is the condition that is associated with wearing contact lenses overnight or while swimming?
Acanthamoeba keratitis