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7 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the four main groups of macromolecules (organic molecules) |
1. Carbohydrates
2. Lipids
3. Proteins
4. Nucleic Acids |
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Tell me about carboydrates |
They can be simple or complex
They usually function to store energy or create cell walls
Monosacharides are a single sugar unit (glucose) Polysacchrides have multiple subunits (examples are cellulose and starch)
cellulose= fiber - an indigestable polysaccharide in plant cell walls. |
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Tell me about lipids |
Lipids main function are energy storage, cell membranes and hormones
3 categories of fats
1. Triglycerides- 3 fatty acid tails, head saturated- c-c single bonds - solid- lard unsaturated- c=c double bonds with kinks, l liquid at room temp- salad oil 2. phospholipids- glycerol head 2 fatty acid tails- hydrophilic head- hydrophobic tails 3. steroid- ring structure- cholesterol 3. |
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Tell me about Proteins |
protein functions are usually enzymes, support and structure
primary- amino acid sequence secondary- beta pleated sheet & alpha helix tertiary- folding quaternary- repeating sub-units - example of protein with repeated subunits is hemoglobin |
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what kind of bond holds amino acids together |
covalent |
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denaturation causes |
protein shape to change (usually by high temperature or change in pH) |
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nucleic acids |
DNA and RNA function to carry hereditary information
the subunits of nucleic acids are nucleotides
each nucleotide has a phosphate a sugar and a base |
