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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Adaptive Immunity
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Body's specific defense against a foreign invader
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Antigens
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substance that provokes an immune response
*antibody generator |
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Humoral Immunity
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carried out by the antibodies that circulate in your blood
*B Cells and antibodies *extracellular fluids |
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Cellular Immunity
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specialized cells called T Cells
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T cells
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regulate activation of other immune cells such as macrophage
- binds to antigen presented on the outside of an infected cell and releases cytokinds |
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Active Adaptive Immunity
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t/b cells activated to produce antibody
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Passive Adaptive Immunity
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"ready-made" antibody introduced into body
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Naturally Acquired Active Immunity
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antigen exposure through daily life illness-lifelong: chicken pox, measles
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Naturally Acquired Passive Immunity
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transfer of antibody from a mother to infant or in the womb still
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Artificially Acquired Active Immunity
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vaccination using a prepared antigen
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Artificially Acquired Passive Immunity
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antibody "harvested" from an individual exposed to a disease, purified, and injected into recipient
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Antigenic Determinant
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specific region on the antigen that the antibody reacts with
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Antibody Structure
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4 protein chains, constant and variable region, Fc
*2 specific/identical antigen binding sites per antibody molecule |
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IgM
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1st antibody produced in response to initial infection/pentamer
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IgG
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increases phagocytes; neutralizes toxins and viruses/ fetus and newborn protection
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IgA
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secretions protection on mucousal surfaces
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IgD
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function not known/found on B cells
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IgE
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allergic reactions and lysis of parasitic worms
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Antibody production
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B cells exposed to freely circulating antigen; B-cell is activated; differentiates into a plasma cell producing antibody against the antigen
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Primary Response
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IgM is in the highest amount after the initial exposure; IgG is present later and in a lower amount
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Secondary Response
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immune response intensifies on the 2nd exposure to the same Antigen (IgG increases, IgM decreases)
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CD4 Bearing T-Cells
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helper T cells; HIV targets
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Cytokines
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chemicals produced by T helper cells that influence the activity of other immune cells
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Th1
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usually going to activate cells related to cell mediated immunity (macrophage, CD8)
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Th2
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produce cytokines associated with allergic reactions or respond to parasitic infections
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CD8 Bearing T-Cells
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cytotoxis Tc cells; large worms; antibody cant reach intracellular pathogens so, Tc binds infected target cells and releases perforin; Tc dies after antigen disappears
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