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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the stages of Phagocytosis?
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1. Chemotaxis 2. Adherence 3. Ingestion 4. Digestion 5. Discharge of waste
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What are the two types of defenses?
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Innate and Adaptive
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Innate (nonspecific) Defenses include..
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1.the first line of defense - the skin and mucus membrane
2. Phagocytosis 3. inflammation 4. complement system |
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Adaptive (specific) Defenses can be broken down into two divisions...
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1. Humoral immunity
2. Cell-mediated imunitey |
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After penetration of the skin, what are the stages of inflammation?
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1. chemicals like - histamines, kinins, prostoglandins, leukotrienes and cytokines are released.
2. blood clot forms 3. abscess starts to form 4. Margination - phagocytes stick to endothelium 5. Diapedesis - phagocytes squeeze between the endothelial cells 6. Phagocytosis of invading bacteria |
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Where is the temperature controlled in your brain?
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hypothalmus
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Why does shivering occur when you have a fever?
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when pathogens invade they raise the bodies temperature. The body then constricts its blood vessels, increasing the rate of metabolism. even thought the temperature is rising, the skin remains cold
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What are the major components of the Complement System?
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1. inactivated C3 slpits into activated C3a and C3b
2. C3b binds to microbe, resulting in opsonization 3. C3b splits C5 into C5a and C5b 4. The transmembrane channels (holes) of the MAC result in the bursting of the microbial cell, due to the flow of extracellular fluids 5. C3a and C5a causes mast cells to release histamine, resulting in inflammation; C5a attracts phagocytes |
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Describe the steps in the Classical Pathway
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1. C1 is activated by bidning to antigens-antibody complexes
2. Activated C1 splits into C2 into C2a and C2b, and C4 into C4a and C4b 3. C2a and C4b combine and activate C3, splitting into C3a and C3b |
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Describe the Alternate Pathway
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1. C3 combines with factors B,D, and P on the surface of a microbe.
2. Factors B,D,and P, cause C3 to spilt into C3a and C3b |
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What are Lectins?
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proteins that bind to carbohydrates - are produced in the liver
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Describe the Lectin Pathway
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1. Lectin binds to an invading cell
2. bound lectin splits C2 and C4 3. C2a and C4b combine and activate C3 |
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Interferons are....?
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a family of cytokines
host-cell-specific but not virus-specific |
