Microbiology Chapter 15 Specific Immunity And Immunization

Front 1

Acellular vaccine

Back 1

a vaccine preparation that contains specifi antigens such as the capsule or toxin from a pathogen and not the whole microbe (acellular - without a cell)

Front 2

Active Immunity

Back 2

Immunity acquired through direct stimulation of the immune system by antigen

Front 3

Agglutination

Back 3

the aggregation by antibodies of suspended cells or simliar-sized particles (agglutinogens) into clumps that settle

Front 4

Antigen-presenting cells

Back 4

A microphage or dendritic cell that ingests and degrade an antigen and subsequently places the antigenic determinant molecules on its surface for recognition by CD4 T lymphocytes

Front 5

Antigens

Back 5

Any cell, particle, or chemical that induces a specific immune response by B cells or T cells and can stimulate resistance to an infection or a toxin

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Attenuate

Back 6

To reduce the virulence of a pathogenic bacterium or virus by passing it through a non-native host or by long-term subculture.

Front 7

Immunoglobin

Back 7

The chemical class of proteins to which antibodies belong

Front 8

Interleukin-1

Back 8

a product of macrophages and epithelial cell that has many of the same biological activities as TNF, such as inducing fever and activation of certain white blood cells

Front 9

Interleukin-2

Back 9

the primary growth factor from T cells, interestingly, it ats on the same cells that secrete it. it stimlates mitosis and secretion of other cytokines. In B cells. it is a growth factor and stimulus for antibody synthesis

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Memory Cells

Back 10

The long-lived progeny of a sensitized lymphocyte that remains in circulation and is genetically programmed to react rapidly with its antigen

Front 11

Neutralization

Back 11

In neutralization reactions, antibodies fill the surface receptors on a virus or the active site on a microbial enzyme to prevent it from attaching normallly.

Front 12

Opsonization

Back 12

Antibodies called opsonins stimulate opsonization a process in which micoorganisms or other particles are coated with specific antibodies so that they wil be more readily recognized by phagocytes, which dispose of them, its like putting handles on a lippery object to provide phagocytes a better grip

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Passive immunity

Back 13

in passive immunity preformed antibodies are donated to an individual. It does not reate memory, acts immediatley, and is short term.

Front 14

Plasma Cells

Back 14

A progenyof an activated B cell that actively produces and secretes antibodies.

Front 15

Primary Response

Back 15

The first response of the immune system when exposed to an antigen

Front 16

Acellular vaccine

Back 16

a vaccine preparation that contains specifi antigens such as the capsule or toxin from a pathogen and not the whole microbe (acellular - without a cell)

Front 17

Active Immunity

Back 17

Immunity acquired through direct stimulation of the immune system by antigen

Front 18

Agglutination

Back 18

the aggregation by antibodies of suspended cells or simliar-sized particles (agglutinogens) into clumps that settle

Front 19

Antigen-presenting cells

Back 19

A microphage or dendritic cell that ingests and degrade an antigen and subsequently places the antigenic determinant molecules on its surface for recognition by CD4 T lymphocytes

Front 20

Antigens

Back 20

Any cell, particle, or chemical that induces a specific immune response by B cells or T cells and can stimulate resistance to an infection or a toxin

Front 21

Attenuate

Back 21

To reduce the virulence of a pathogenic bacterium or virus by passing it through a non-native host or by long-term subculture.

Front 22

Immunoglobin

Back 22

The chemical class of proteins to which antibodies belong

Front 23

Interleukin-1

Back 23

a product of macrophages and epithelial cell that has many of the same biological activities as TNF, such as inducing fever and activation of certain white blood cells

Front 24

Interleukin-2

Back 24

the primary growth factor from T cells, interestingly, it ats on the same cells that secrete it. it stimlates mitosis and secretion of other cytokines. In B cells. it is a growth factor and stimulus for antibody synthesis

Front 25

Memory Cells

Back 25

The long-lived progeny of a sensitized lymphocyte that remains in circulation and is genetically programmed to react rapidly with its antigen

Front 26

Neutralization

Back 26

In neutralization reactions, antibodies fill the surface receptors on a virus or the active site on a microbial enzyme to prevent it from attaching normallly.

Front 27

Opsonization

Back 27

Antibodies called opsonins stimulate opsonization a process in which micoorganisms or other particles are coated with specific antibodies so that they wil be more readily recognized by phagocytes, which dispose of them, its like putting handles on a lippery object to provide phagocytes a better grip

Front 28

Passive immunity

Back 28

in passive immunity preformed antibodies are donated to an individual. It does not reate memory, acts immediatley, and is short term.

Front 29

Plasma Cells

Back 29

A progenyof an activated B cell that actively produces and secretes antibodies.

Front 30

Primary Response

Back 30

The first response of the immune system when exposed to an antigen

Front 31

Secondary Response

Back 31

The rapid rise in antibody titer following a repeat exposure to an antigen that has been recognized from a previous exposure. This response is brought about by memory cells produced as a result of the primary exposure.

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Vaccine

Back 32

Originally used in reference to inoculation with the cowpox or vaccinia to protect against smallpox. In general the term now pertains to injection of whole microbes (killed to attenuated), toxoids or parts of microbes as a prevention or cure for disease.