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57 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Pathology is...? |
The study of disease.
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Etiology is...?
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The study of the cause of a disease.
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Pathogenesis is...?
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Development of disease.
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Infection is...?
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Colonization of the body by pathogens.
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Disease is...?
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An abnormal state in which the body is not functioning normally.
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Symbiosis is...?
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The relationship between normal microbiota and the host.
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Commensalism is...?
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One organism is benefitted and the other is not affected at all.
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Mutualism is...?
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Both organisms benefit.
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Parasitism is...?
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One organisms is benefitted at the expense of the other.
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Microbial antagonism is...?
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Competition between microbes.
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How do normal microbiota protect the host?
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Occupying niches that pathogens might occupy.
Producing acids. Producing anti-bacterial chemicals. |
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What are probiotics?
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Live microbes applied to or ingested into the body, intended to exert a beneficial effect.
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What is Koch's Postulates?
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Used to prove the cause of an infectious disease.
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What is Koch's 1st Postulate?
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The same pathogen must be present in every case.
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What is Koch's 2nf Postulate?
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The pathogen must be isolated from the diseased host and grown in pure culture.
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What is Koch's 3rd Postulate?
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The pathogen must cause the disease when it is inoculated into a healthy animal.
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What is Koch's 4th Postulate?
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The pathogen from the inoculated animal must be the same as the original from step 1.
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A symptom is...?
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Change in body function that is felt by a patient as the result of a disease.
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A sign is...?
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Change in the body that can be measured or observed as the result of a disease.
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A syndrome is...?
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A specific group of signs and symptoms that accompany a disease.
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A communicable disease(or contagious) is...?
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Easily spread from 1 host to another.
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A non-communicable disease is...?
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A disease that is not transmitted.
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An incidence is...?
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Fraction of a population that contracts a disease during a specific time.
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Prevalence is...?
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Fraction of a population having a disease at any given time.
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Sporadic disease is...?
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A disease that occurs occasionally in a population.
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Endemic is...?
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Disease constantly present in a population.
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Epidemic is...?
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Disease acquired by many in a short time.
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Pandemic is...? |
Worldwide epidemic.
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Herd immunity is...?
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Immunity in most of a population.
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Acute disease is...?
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Symptoms develop rapidly.
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Chronic disease is...?
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Disease develops slowly.
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Subacute disease is...?
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Symptoms between acute and chronic.
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Latent disease is...?
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Disease with a period of no symptoms.
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Local infection is...?
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limited to a small area.
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Systemic infection is...?
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throughout the body.
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Focal infection is...?
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a systemic infection that began as a local infection.
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Bacteremia is...?
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bacteria in the blood.
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Septicemia is...?
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growth of bacteria in the blood.
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Toxemia is...?
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Toxins in the blood.
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Viremia is...?
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Viruses in the blood.
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Primary infection is...?
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Acute infection that causes the initial illness.
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Secondary Infection is...?
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Opportunistic infection after a primary infection.
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Sub-clinical disease is...? |
No noticeable signs or symptoms.
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Predisposing Factors are...?
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Anatomy
Inherited traits Climate and weather Fatigue Age Lifestyle Chemotherapy Stress |
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humans are reservoirs of what?
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HIV, gonorrhea
(carriers may have unapparent infections or latent diseases) |
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Animals are reservoirs of what?
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Rabies, Lyme Disease
Some zoonoses may be transmitted to humans. |
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Non-Living (soil) is a reservoir for what?
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Botulism, tetanus
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Direct contact is...?
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requires close association between infected and susceptible host.
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Indirect contact is...?
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spread by fomites
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What are fomites?
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nonliving objects
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A vehicle is...?
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transmission by an inanimate reservoir (like food or water)
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A vector is...? |
disease carriers
(arthropods, especially fleas, ticks and mosquitos) |
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Mechanical vectors are...?
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arthropod carries pathogen on feet
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Biological vectors are...?
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pathogen reproduces in vector.
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Nosocomial Infections are...?
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From hospitals
5-15% of all hospital patients acquire nosocomial infections |
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What is C. difficile?
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Affects colon.
Symptoms include changes in bowel function. 6000/yr infected. Pathology of this organism has changed over time with wide-spread use of antibiotics. |
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Reasons for Emerging Infectious Diseases |
Contributing Factors
--Evolution of new strains Inappropriate use of antibiotics and pesticides Changes in weather patterns Modern transportation Ecological disaster, war, expanding human settlement Animal control measures Public Health Failure |
