Microbiology Chapter 10

Front 1

The raw material for any genetic engineering technique?

Back 1

DNA

Front 2

Restriction enzymes such as endonucleases  and ligases are used to?

Back 2

manipulate the DNA

Front 3

Restriction enzymes

Back 3

are made by bacteria to protect themselves from viruses. They inactivate the viral DNA by cutting it in specific places

Front 4

DNA ligase

Back 4

is an enzyme that exists in all cells and is responsible for joining together strands of DNA. Restriction enzymes can be used to cut DNA at specific sequences called recognition sites

Front 5

Recombinant DNA

Back 5

contain genes from two or more organisms.

Front 6

can help cut out the required DNA sequences from the donor’s DNA aswell as to cut the recepient’s DNA so the genes can be inserted in to their genome?

Back 6

Endonucleases aslo known as restriction enzymes

Front 7

Ligases

Back 7

are used to “glue” or connect the pieces of DNA from two different sources

Front 8

What is the main purpose of Genetic Engineering and DNA recombinant technology?

Back 8

to acquire new Genetic Combinations

Front 9

Heat-denatured DNA

Back 9

DNA Heated just below boiling point. The DNA falls apart and nucleotides are exposed. When cooled in recombines. This method allows easy transcription and does not need helicase.

Front 10

Name some common restriction enzymes.

Back 10

•BamHI - Bacillus amyloliquefaciens        G|GATCC
                                                       CCTAG|G
•EcoRI - Escherichia coli                        G|AATTC
                                                       CTTAA|G
•EcoRV - Escherichia coli                    GAT|ATC
                                                       CTA|TAG

Front 11

How many base pairs does restriction enzymes cut

Back 11

4 to 10.

Front 12

Palindrome

Back 12

Are sequences of DNA that are identical when read from 5' to 3' on one strand and 5' to 3' on the other. It is the site where the DNA is clipped for duplication.

Front 13

What are some properties of restriction endonucleases

Back 13

•Can be used to cut DNA in to smaller pieces for further study or to remove and insert sequences
•Can make a blunt cut or a “sticky end”
•The pieces of DNA produced are called restriction fragments
•Differences in the cutting pattern of specific restriction endonucleases give rise to restriction fragments of differing lengths- restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs)

Front 14

Complementary DNA

Back 14

•Reverse transcriptase:  enzyme that is used when converting RNA into DNA
•Copied DNA is referred to as complementary DNA or cDNA

Front 15

Gel electrophoresis

Back 15

a method that separates (based on size, electrical charge and other physical properties) macromolecules such as nucleic acids or proteins.