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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the targets for antimicrobials used in the body?
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Inhibition of interruption of cell wall synthessis,protein synthesis(translation)-ribosomes,disruption of unique components of the cytoplasm,inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis,of metabolic pathway not used by humans
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An example of a drug which inhibits the cell wall synthesis?
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penicillin
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An example of a drug which inhibits metabolic synthesis in bacteria-interruption of folic acid production?
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sulfonamides
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What do we mean by broad-spectrum drugs?
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drugs that work on many different kinds of pathogens
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What is narrow -spectrum drugs?
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drugs that work on a few kinds of pathogens
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What is superinfection?
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secondary infections by transient pathogens
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What is diffusion susceptibility test-Kirby-Bauer test?
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Test used to see what type of drugs stop growth. used to classify pathogens as susceptible,intermediate,or resistant
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Routes of administration of drugs
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topical,orally,intramuscularly(IM),Intravenously(IV)
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How does drug resistance arise?
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Disruption of normal microbiota, bacteria acquiring R-plasmids-conjugation,transformation,mutation on the chromosome and transduction
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What are the factors for drug resistance?
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Abuse of drug-using drugs without prescription,misuse of drugs-not using drugs as prescription
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What are the mechanisms of resistance by microbes?
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producing enzymes that destroy or deactivates the drug-the enzyme B-lacatmase that deactivates penicillin and its likes,slowing down or preventing the entry of the drug into the cell,altering the recepter for the drug so that the drug cannot attach to or binds less effectively to its target,resistant microbes may alter their metabolic pathway which was originally the target of the drug,the microbe may pump the drug out of the cell before the drug can act
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Retarding the development of resistance
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administering sufficiently high concentration of drug,not to discontinue a drug in the middle,use a combination of drugs-also for synergism,limiting the use of drugs only to necessary case-avoiding aduse,developing better(second and third generation drugs)
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