Microbiology: Ch 3 Eukaryotic Cell Structure

Front 1

DNA is found in the cell’s nucleus
DNA is associated with chromosomal proteins called histones
Have membrane‐enclosed organelles
Divide by mitosis/meiosis

Back 1

Eukaryote Characteristics

Front 2

*Flagella = projections are few and long
*Cilia = projections are numerous and short

Back 2

Eukaryotic flagella and cilia Figure

Front 3

*9+2 arrangement of microtubules
*Microtubules = long, hollow tube made up of tubulin

Back 3

Eukaryotic flagella

Front 4

*The plasma membrane is a phospholipid bilayer embedded with proteins
*Protein involved in transport, structural integrity and signaling
*Sterols give strength

Back 4

Plasma Membrane

Front 5

*Receptor‐mediated endocytosis most common
*Receptors and their ligands are taken up this way.
*The endocytic vesicle fuses with an endosome, which then fuses with a lysosome

Back 5

Endocytosis

Front 6

Exocytosis expels products and is the reverse of endocytosis

Back 6

Exocytosis

Front 7

"cell eating"

Back 7

Phagocytosis part of Endocytosis

Front 8

"cell drinking"

Back 8

Pinocytosis part of Endocytosis

Front 9

*Frequently the largest structure in the cell
*Contains most of the cell’s DNA
*Nucelolus = condensed region where ribosomal RNA is synthesized

Back 9

Eukaryotic Nucleus

Front 10

*Extensive network of flattened membranous sacs or tubules
*Serves as a transporting network, and stores synthesized molecules
*Rough ER = protein synthesis via ribosomes
*Smooth ER = lipid synthesis

Back 10

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Front 11

membrane formation and protein secretion
lysosomes formed here and are powerful digestive enzymes

Back 11

Golgi complex

Front 12

*“powerhouses of the cell”
*Central role in ATP production
*genetic material; replicates independently from cell
*have 70S ribosome

Back 12

Mitochondria

Front 13

Contains both the pigment chlorophyll and the enzymes required for light‐gathering
during photosynthesis

Back 13

Chloroplasts

Front 14

*Eukaryotic cells evolved from symbiotic prokaryotes living inside other prokaryotes
*Larger bacterial cells lost their cell walls and engulfed smaller bacterial cells
*Endosymbiosis = relationship
*Mitochondria and chloroplasts resemble bacteria

Back 14

Endosymbiotic Theory
(supported by mitochondria and chloroplasts)

Front 15

1) some are protein modified, move into secretory vesicle and then into exocytosis
2) some are protein modified then transferred into storage vesicles
3) some are incorporated into the cell membrane

Back 15

Golgi