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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Central nervous system
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-composed of brain & spinal column
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peripheral nervous system
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composed of all nerves that branch of CNS
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Meninges
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dura, arachnoid, and pia mater
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subarachnoid space
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located between arachnoid and pia mater, filled with CSF
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Meningitis
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inflammation of the meninges
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Encephalitis
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Inflammation of the brain
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Meningoencephaltis
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swelling of brain and meninges
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Meningitis
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Numerous causal agents
symptoms: fever, headache, stiff neck, nausea vomiting, then convulsions and coma |
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what are the three main casual agents of bacterial meningitis?
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Haemophilus influenzae
Neisseria Meningiddis Streptococcus Pneumoniae |
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Haemophilus Influenza
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Aerobic gram - bacetrium
normal component of throat common in children under 4 |
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Neisseria Meningitidis
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Aerobic gram - with polysaccharide capsule
present in 10% of population cause death within hrs symptoms: sore throar, also occurs children under 2 |
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Streptococcus pneumoniae
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gram + encapsulated bacterium
leading cause of bacterial meningitis common in children |
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Listeriosis
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Listeria-gram +
meningitis in immunocompromised individuals, profilierates in phagocytes and can cause sepsis most dangerous to developing fetus spread though contaminated meats and dairy products |
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Tetanus
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caused by clostridium tetani
anaerobic, gram + present in soil, animal waste, as well as animals symptoms due to toxin causes muscle spasms |
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Botulism
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Caused by clostridium batulli
anaerboic; gram +, produces endospores produces exotoxins under aerobic conditions symptoms: nausea, fever, blurred vision, weakness, and then followed by respiratory and cardiac failure |
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Botulism part 2
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known as blood sausage in the 1800
modern preservatives prevent endospore germination can get symptom from ingesting toxin or endospore infants are less then susceptible |
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what are the three different types of botulism?
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Type A, B, E
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Leprosy
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caused by Mycobacterium Leprae
grows exclusively in the peripheral nervous system also known as Hansen's diesease |
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what are the two forms of Leprosy
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Tuberculoid ( get region of desensitized skin surrounded by nodules)
Lepromatous (skin cells become infected, nodules appear everywhere, tissue necrosis occurs) |
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Viral disease
polio |
symptoms, sore throart, fever, headache, nausea, and paralysis
increasing out breaks due to hygiene virus invades throat tissue first, migrates to lymph nodes |
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POLIO PART 2
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can enter the blood (viremia)
if viral load heavy can pass through capillaries and enter the CNS, nerve damage results salk and sabine vaccine-injected or ingested |
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Rabies
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caused by Rhabdovirus
single strand RNA virus starts in PNS and ends up in CNS spears through bites, skin contact, and sometimes implants |
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RABIES PART 2
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Begins in skeletal muscle cells and progresses to nerves
CNS-periods of calm and agitation develops muscle spasms and hydrophobia get extensive damage to brain and spinal column |
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Fungal Disease
Cryptococcus neoformans |
can cause meningitis as well
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Protozoa
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sleeping sickness or African trypanosomiasis
caused by Trypanosoma brucel spread by Tsetse fly get fever and headaches after incubation period of weeks- months |
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Prions
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abnormally folded cell surface protein
can cause normal protein to change shape results in aggregation and plaque formation can cause transmissible spongiform encephalopathies INCLUDES: Scrapie, mad cow, creutzfeld-jakob disease kuru, |
