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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What do fixed and wandering macrophages do?
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Fixed: remain resident in certain tissues (liver, lungs, nervous system, spleen, lymph nodes)
Wandering: roam tissues and gather at sites of infection or inflammation |
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What is the role of TLRs in phagocytosis?
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They bind to the peptidoglycan in the cell wall of microbes/other particles
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How does each of these bacteria avoid destruction by phagocytes? Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Rickettsia
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(See Photo)
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What purposes does inflammation serve?
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-Destroy injurious agents
-Limit its effects on the body through confinement -Repair damaged tissues |
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What causes the redness, swelling, and pain associated with inflammation?
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Vasodilation, Increased permeability, pressure from edema
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What is complement?
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Defensive system consisting of over 30 proteins produced by the liver and circulating in blood and within body tissues
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List the steps of complementation activation via (1) the classical pathway, (2) the alternative pathway, and (3) the lectin pathway.
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C1->C2 and C4->C2a/b and C4a/b->C2a and C4b activate C3->C3a/b
C3 + factors B/D/P->C3a/b Lecin binds microbe->C2 and C4 split->C2a/b and C4a/b->C2a and C4b activate C3-> C3a/b |
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Summarize the major outcomes of complement activation.
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Opsonization: enhancement of phagocytosis (caoting w/C3b)
Inflammation: increase blood vessel permeability and chemotactic attraction of phagocytes |
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What is interferon?
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Cytokines; class of similar antiviral proteins produced by certain animal cells after viral stimulation; interfere with viral multiplication
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Why do IFN-α and IFN-β share the same receptor on target cells, yet IFN-y has a different receptor?
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α and β cause cells to produce antiviral proteins, inhibiting viral replication
y: cause neutrophils/macrophages to phagocytize bacteria |
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What is the role of siderophores in infection?
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iron competing proteins secreted by bacteria
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Why are scientists interested in AMPs?
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Broad spectrum activity; have shown synergy (work together) with other antimicrobial agents
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